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Pharmacology > METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Antihyperlipidemic Drugs & Drugs Used In the Treatment of Gout > Flashcards

METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Antihyperlipidemic Drugs & Drugs Used In the Treatment of Gout Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoprotein is

A

A conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood

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2
Q

Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is

A

A lipoprotein containing a very large proportion of lipids to protein and carrying most cholesterol from the
liver to the tissues

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3
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is

A

A lipoprotein that contains relatively high amounts of cholesterol and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It is also called beta-lipoprotein

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4
Q

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is

A

A lipoprotein that contains relatively small amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides and is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It is also called alpha-lipoprotein

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5
Q

Chylomicron is

A

Large lipoprotein particle that is created by the absorptive cells of the small intestine. It transports lipids to adipose tissue where they are broken down by lipoprotein lipase

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6
Q

True or False. Hyperlipoproteinemia is a condition marked by an abnormally high level of lipoproteins in the blood.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

True or False. Hypertriglyceridemia denotes high blood levels of triglycerides. It has been associated with atherosclerosis, even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels)

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or False. Hypercholesterolemia (or hypercholesteremia) is an abnormally high concentration of cholesterol in the blood. This

A

TRUE

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9
Q

True or False about type I familial hyperlipoproteinemia. Type I familial hyperlipoproteinemia marked by the increased serum concentrations of chylomicrons and triglycerides, which decrease if the diet becomes fat free, decreased concentrations of high- and low-density lipoproteins, which increase if the diet is fat free, and decreased tissue lipoprotein lipase activity

A

TRUE

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10
Q

True or False. Familial chylomicronemia (type I) is caused by deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

True or False. The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT) demonstrated that treatment with a lipid-lowering drug could reduce the risk of death due to coronary heart disease.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

True or False. Women taking probucol (Lorelco) should wait for 6 months after cessation of therapy before becoming pregnant.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

True or False. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) plus a bile acid-binding resin has not proven effective in combating hyperlipidemia.

A

FALSE

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14
Q

True or False. The ideal therapy for patients with elevated levels of cholesterol would lower the serum concentration of LDL-cholesterol while raising the concentration of HDL-cholesterol.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

True or False. Agents, which lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, tend to promote regression of atherosclerotic plaques.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

True or False. Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is the drug of choice for treatment of broad-beta hyperlipidemia (type III).

A

FALSE

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17
Q

True or False. One advantage of gemfibrozil (Lopid) is that, in addition to lowering blood levels of most lipids, it raises the level of HDL cholesterol.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

True or False. Probucol (Lorelco) appears to increase clearance of LDL cholesterol by a non-receptor mediated mechanism.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It would not be a good choice for treating patients with familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV)

A

TRUE

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20
Q

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It is not well tolerated by patients

A

TRUE

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21
Q

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It works by directly binding cholesterol in the blood

A

FALSE

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22
Q

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It is an effective drug for treatment of types IIa and IIb hyperlipidemia

A

TRUE

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23
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They work in part by increasing the rate of LDL clearance from the plasma

A

TRUE

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24
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They are the most effective single agents for lowering LDL-cholesterol

A

TRUE

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25
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. When used with a bile-acid binding resin, they can lower LDL-cholesterol by 50% or more

A

TRUE

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26
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. No special monitoring is required in patients receiving one of them

A

FALSE

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27
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). It reduces the rate of synthesis of VLDL

A

TRUE

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28
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Sustained-release preparations of this drug are largely free of side effects

A

FALSE

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29
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Almost all patients taking the traditional dosage form of this drug experience uncomfortable flushing

A

TRUE

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30
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). It should not be used with antihypertensives

A

TRUE

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31
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. When used alone, they are the most effective agents for lowering LDL cholesterol

A

TRUE

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32
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They are often effective in patients in whom a diet, with or without a bile acid-binding resin or niacin, has failed

A

TRUE

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33
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Lovastatin (Mevacor) plus a resin causes regression of coronary lesions in about one third of treated patients

A

TRUE

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34
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Members of this drug class are generally not as well tolerated as the older bile acid-binding resins

A

FALSE

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35
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. These drugs should not be used in pregnant women or children

A

TRUE

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36
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. These drugs often cause myopathy if used in combination with cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

A

TRUE

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37
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Failure to discontinue the drug after myopathy has been detected can cause acute renal failure

A

TRUE

38
Q

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Several of these drugs tend to lengthen the sleep cycle

A

FALSE

39
Q

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is the drug of choice for therapy of Type III hyperlipidemia

A

FALSE

40
Q

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) increases HDL cholesterol while lowering LDL cholesterol

A

TRUE

41
Q

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) has been shown to reduce mortality associated with a heart disease

A

TRUE

42
Q

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is generally well tolerated

A

TRUE

43
Q

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. They decrease total cholesterol and LDL

A

TRUE

44
Q

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. They are contraindicated in patients with hypertriglyceridemia

A

TRUE

45
Q

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. When used alone, they do not slow the progression of atherosclerotic lesions

A

FALSE

46
Q

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. They are the drugs of choice for therapy of type II hyperlipidemia when used either alone or in combination with selected agents

A

TRUE

47
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Both triglycerides and LDL cholesterol are reduced by this drug

A

TRUE

48
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). The drug acts by directly decreasing the rate of synthesis of apoproteins

A

FALSE

49
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Doses higher than 3 gm/day are no longer used because of possible disturbances of hepatic or pancreatic functions

A

TRUE

50
Q

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Most patients taking this drug experience uncomfortable cutaneous flushing, itching, and/or rashes

A

TRUE

51
Q

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. Therapy with a lipid-lowering drug should be always accompanied by an appropriate diet

A

TRUE

52
Q

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. A lipid-lowering diet should be discontinued if it fails to decrease the levels of plasma LDL cholesterol by at least 10%

A

FALSE

53
Q

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. Lipid-lowering drugs should only be administered after at least 3 months of prior dietary therapy

A

TRUE

54
Q

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. Some combinations of lipid-lowering drugs are synergistic

A

TRUE

55
Q

True or False. The cholesterol synthesis inhibitors increase the rate of clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma.

A

TRUE

56
Q

True or False. Lovastatin (Mevacor) plus a bile-acid binding resin causes regression of coronary lesions in about one third of treated patients.

A

TRUE

57
Q

True or False. The cholesterol synthesis inhibitors are better tolerated than most other lipid-lowering agents.

A

TRUE

58
Q

True or False. Selected liver and muscle enzymes should be monitored during the use of any cholesterol synthesis inhibitors because of possible toxic effects.

A

TRUE

59
Q

True or False. The bile acid-binding resins act by directly binding cholesterol and facilitating its excretion.

A

FALSE

60
Q

True or False. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) acts by increasing the rate of catabolism of VLDL.

A

FALSE

61
Q

True or False. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) can cause dizziness and syncope when used with antihypertensives.

A

FALSE

62
Q

True or False. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) increases concentrations of HDL cholesterol more than clofibrate (Atromid-S).

A

TRUE

63
Q

True or False. The bile acid-binding resins can bind many drugs and vitamins and reduce their absorption.

A

TRUE

64
Q

True or False. When used alone, the bile acid-binding resins are contraindicated in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

A

TRUE

65
Q

True or False. Combinations of lipid-lowering drugs are likely to be synergistic if they work at different steps in the same pathway.

A

TRUE

66
Q

True or False. Reduction in plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol concentrations with gemfibrozil treatment is greater than reduction in plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations with gemfibrozil treatment.

A

TRUE

67
Q

True or False. Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa) lack any functional LDL receptors on their hepatocytes.

A

TRUE

68
Q

True or False. Effects of drugs in lowering blood cholesterol levels are additive with those of diet.

A

TRUE

69
Q

True or False. HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting drugs can cause muscle breakdown, especially when used in combination with a cyclosporine.

A

TRUE

70
Q

True or False. Probucol (Lorelco) reduces the risk of atherosclerosis by stimulating the rate of clearance of LDL by receptor-mediated pathways.

A

FALSE

71
Q

True or False. Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is generally regarded as superior to gemfibrozil.

A

FALSE

72
Q

True or False. Niacin’s most common side effects can be reduced by pretreatment with aspirin and/or by taking the drug at the end of meals.

A

TRUE

73
Q

True or False. The major side effect of cholestyramine is hepatotoxicity.

A

FALSE

74
Q

True or False. The statins are dependent on the presence of LDL receptors on hepatocytes in order to exert their effect.

A

FALSE

75
Q

This drug increases lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue

A

Gemfibrozil (Loprol)

76
Q

This drug both inhibits an enzyme and indirectly enhances clearance of low density lipoproteins (LDL)

A

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

77
Q

This drug binds bile acids in the GI tract

A

Cholestyramine (Questran)

78
Q

This drug may block oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL)

A

Probucol (Lorelco)

79
Q

This drug weakly stimulates synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)

A

Cholestyramine (Questran)

80
Q

Flushing caused by this drug can be reduced by taking it after meals and/or by pretreatment with aspirin

A

Nicotinic acid (niacin)

81
Q

This drug can cause muscle damage, especially when used with any of several drugs including erythromycin

A

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

82
Q

This drug decreases blood levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL)

A

Probucol (Lorelco)

83
Q

This fibric acid derivative increases blood levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL):

A

Gemfibrozil (Loprol)

84
Q

True or False. Gout is a familial metabolic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis due to deposits of monosodium urate in joints and cartilage.

A

TRUE

85
Q

True or False. Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric drugs employed to decrease the body pool of urate in patients with tophaceous gout or in those with increasingly frequent gouty attacks.

A

TRUE

86
Q

Which drugs is an uricosuric agent

A

Sulfinpyrazone

87
Q

Uricosuric drugs are

A
  • Probenecid
  • Sulfinpyrazone
  • Aspirin (at high dosages)
88
Q

Which drugs used in the treatment of gout acts by preventing the migration of granulocytes

A

Colchicine

89
Q

Which drugs used in the treatment of gout has as its primary effect the reduction of uric acid synthesis

A

Allopurinol

90
Q

Characteristics of probenecid include

A
  • It is useful in the treatment of gout
  • At appropriate doses, it promotes the excretion of uric acid
  • The metabolic products of probenecid are uricosuric

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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