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Pharmacology > AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Adrenoreceptor activating drugs > Flashcards

AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Adrenoreceptor activating drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic stimulation is mediated by

A
  • Release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals
  • Activation of adrenoreceptors on postsynaptic sites
  • Release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
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2
Q

Characteristics of epinephrine include

A
  • It is synthesized into the adrenal medulla
  • It is transported in the blood to target tissues
  • It directly interacts with and activates adrenoreceptors
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3
Q

Characteristics of epinephrine include all of the following EXCEPT

A

It is synthesized into the nerve ending

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4
Q

Which of the following sympathomimetics acts indirectly?

A

Ephedrine

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5
Q

Indirect action includes all of the following properties

A
  • Displacement of stored catecholamines from the adrenergic nerve ending
  • Inhibition of reuptake of catecholamines already released
  • Inhibition of the release of endogenous catecholamines from peripheral adrenergic neurons
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6
Q

Indirect action includes all of the following properties EXCEPT

A

Interaction with adrenoreceptors

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7
Q

Catecholamine includes

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Isoprenaline
  • Norepinephrine
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8
Q

Epinephrine decreases intracellular camp levels by acting on

A

α2 receptor

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9
Q

True or False. Skeletal muscle vessels have predominantly alfa receptors and constrict in the presence of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

FALSE

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10
Q

True or False. ALFA receptors increase arterial resistence, whereas beta2 receptor promote smooth muscle relaxation

A

TRUE

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11
Q

True or False. The skin and splanchic vessels have predominantly alfa receptors.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

True or False. Vessels in a skeletal muscle may constrict or dilate depending on whether alfa or beta2 receptors are activated

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Direct effects on the heart are determined largely by

A

Beta1 receptor

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14
Q

Which of the following effects is related to direct beta1 adrenoreceptor stimulation?

A

Tachycardia

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15
Q

Distribution of alfa adrenoreceptor subtypes is associated with all of the following tissues

A
  • Blood vessels
  • Prostate
  • Pupillary dilator muscle
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16
Q

Distribution of alfa adrenoreceptor subtypes is not associated with the tissues of

A

HEART

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17
Q

Beta adrenoreceptor subtypes is not contained in tissues of

A

Pupillary dilator muscle

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18
Q

Beta adrenoreceptor subtypes is contained in

A
  • Bronchial muscles
  • Heart
  • Fat cells
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19
Q

In which tissues both alfa and beta1 adrenergic stimulation produces the same effect?

A

Intestine

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20
Q

The effects of sympathomimetics on blood pressure are associated with their effects on

A
  • The heart
  • The peripheral resistance
  • The venous return
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21
Q

A relatively pure alfa agonist causes

A
  • Increase peripheral arterial resistance
  • Increase venous return
  • Reflex bradycardia
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22
Q

A relatively pure alfa agonist do not causes

A

Effect on blood vessels

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23
Q

A nonselective beta receptor agonist causes

A
  • Increase cardiac output
  • Decrease peripheral arterial resistance
  • Decrease the mean pressure
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24
Q

A nonselective beta receptor agonist do not causes

A

Increase peripheral arterial resistance

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25
Q

True or False. Αlfa agonists cause miosis.

A

FALSE

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26
Q

True or False. Αlfa agonists cause mydriasis.

A

TRUE

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27
Q

True or False. Beta antagonists decrease the production of aqueous humor

A

TRUE

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28
Q

True or False. Αlfa agonists increase the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye

A

TRUE

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29
Q

A bronchial smooth muscle contains

A

Beta 2 receptor

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30
Q

All of the following agents are beta receptor agonists

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Isoproterenol
  • Dobutamine
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31
Q

All of the following agents are beta receptor agonists EXCEPT

A

Methoxamine

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32
Q

Which of the following drugs causes bronchodilation without significant cardiac stimulation?

A

Terbutaline

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33
Q

Αlfa-receptor stimulation includes

A
  • Relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle
  • Contraction of bladder base, uterus and prostate
  • Stimulation of platelet aggregation
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34
Q

Αlfa-receptor stimulation do not includes

A

Stimulation of insulin secretion

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35
Q

Beta1 receptor stimulation includes

A
  • Increase in contractility
  • Tachycardia
  • Increase in conduction velocity in the atrioventricular node
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36
Q

Beta1 receptor stimulation do not includes

A

Bronchodilation

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37
Q

Beta2 receptor stimulation includes

A
  • Stimulation of renin secretion
  • Fall of potassium concentration in plasma
  • Relaxation of bladder, uterus
38
Q

Beta2 receptor stimulation do not includes

A

Tachycardia

39
Q

Hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine is due to

A
  • Gluconeogenesis (beta2)
  • Inhibition of insulin secretion (alfa)
  • Stimulation of glycogenolysis (beta2)
40
Q

Which of the following effects is associated with beta3-receptor stimulation?

A

Lipolysis

41
Q

True or False. Norepinephrine has a predominantly beta action

A

FALSE

42
Q

True or False. Epinephrine acts on both alfa- and beta-receptors

A

TRUE

43
Q

True or False. Methoxamine has a predominantly alfa action

A

TRUE

44
Q

True or False. Isoprenaline has a predominantly beta action

A

TRUE

45
Q

Indicate the drug, which is a direct-acting both alfa- and beta-receptor agonist

A

Norepinephrine

46
Q

Which of the following agents is an alfa1 alfa2 beta1 beta2 receptor agonist?

A

Epinephrine

47
Q

Indicate the direct-acting sympathomimetic, which is an alfa1 alfa2 beta1 receptor agonist

A

Norepinephrine

48
Q

Which of the following agents is an alfa1-selective agonist?

A

Methoxamine

49
Q

Indicate the alfa2-selective agonist

A

Xylometazoline

50
Q

Which agents is a nonselective beta receptor agonist?

A

Isoproterenol

51
Q

Indicate the beta1-selective agonist

A

Dobutamine

52
Q

Which sympathomimetics is a beta2-selective agonist?

A

Terbutaline

53
Q

Indicate the indirect-acting sympathomimetic agent

A

Ephedrine

54
Q

Epinephrine produces all of the following effects

A
  • Positive inotropic and chronotropic actions on the heart (beta1 receptor)
  • Increase peripheral resistance (alfa receptor)
  • Skeletal muscle blood vessel dilatation (beta2 receptor)
55
Q

Epinephrine produces all of the following effects EXCEPT

A

Predominance of alfa effects at low concentration

56
Q

Epinephrine produces all of the following effects

A
  • Bronchodilation
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Mydriasis
57
Q

Epinephrine produces all of the following effects EXCEPT

A

Decrease in oxygen consumption

58
Q

Epinephrine is used in the treatment of

A
  • Bronchospasm
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Open-angle glaucoma
59
Q

Epinephrine is not used in the treatment of

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

60
Q

Compared with epinephrine, norepinephrine produces

A
  • Similar effects on beta1 receptors in the heart and similar potency at an alfa receptor
  • Significant tissue necrosis if injected subcutaneously
  • Increase both diastolic and systolic blood pressure
61
Q

Compared with epinephrine, norepinephrine do not produces

A

Decrease the mean pressure below normal before returning to the control value

62
Q

Norepinephrine produces

A

Vasoconstriction

63
Q

Which direct-acting drugs is a relatively pure alfa agonist, an effective mydriatic and decongestant and can be used to raise blood pressure?

A

Phenylephrine

64
Q

Characteristics of methoxamine include

A
  • It is a direct-acting alfa1-receptor agonist
  • It causes reflex bradycardia
  • It increases total peripheral resistance
65
Q

Characteristics of methoxamine do not

A

It increases heart rate, contractility and cardiac output

66
Q

Which agents is an alfa2-selective agonist with ability to promote constriction of the nasal mucosa?

A

Xylometazoline

67
Q

Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may cause hypotension, presumably because of a clonidine-like effect

A

Xylometazoline

68
Q

Isoproterenol is

A

Nonselective beta receptor agonist

69
Q

Isoproterenol produces

A
  • Increase in cardiac output
  • Fall in diastolic and mean arterial pressure
  • Tachycardia
70
Q

Isoproterenol do not produces

A

Bronchoconstriction

71
Q

Characteristics of dobutamine is not

A

It is used to treat bronchospasm

72
Q

Characteristics of dobutamine include

A
  • It is a relatively beta1-selective synthetic catecholamine
  • It increases atrioventricular conduction
  • It causes minimal changes in heart rate and systolic pressure
73
Q

Characteristics of salmeterol include

A
  • It is a potent selective beta2 agonist
  • It causes uterine relaxation
  • It is used in the therapy of asthma
74
Q

Characteristics of salmeterol do not include

A

It stimulates heart rate, contractility and cardiac output

75
Q

Characteristics of ephedrine include

A
  • It acts primarily through the release of stored cathecholamines
  • It is a mild CNS stimulant
  • It causes tachyphylaxis with repeated administration
76
Q

Characteristics of ephedrine do not include

A

It decreases arterial pressure

77
Q

Ephedrine causes

A

Bronchodilation

78
Q

Compared with epinephrine, ephedrine produces

A
  • It has oral activity
  • It is resistant to MAO and has much longer duration of action
  • Its effects are similar, but it is less potent
79
Q

Compared with epinephrine, ephedrine do not produces

A

It is a direct-acting sympathomimetic

80
Q

Which sympathomimetics is preferable for the treatment of chronic orthostatic hypotension?

A

Ephedrine

81
Q

Indicate the sympathomimetic drug, which is used in a hypotensive emergency

A

Phenylephrine

82
Q

Which sympathomimetics is preferable for the emergency therapy of cardiogenic shock?

A

Dobutamine

83
Q

Indicate the sympathomimetic agent, which is combined with a local anesthetic to prolong the duration of infiltration nerve block

A

Epinephrine

84
Q

Which sympathomimetics is related to short-acting topical decongestant agents?

A

Phenylephrine

85
Q

Indicate the long-acting topical decongestant agents

A

Xylometazoline

86
Q

Which topical decongestant agents is an alfa2-selective agonist?

A

Xylometazoline

87
Q

Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may be useful in the emergency management of cardiac arrest

A

Epinephrine

88
Q

Which sympathomimetics is used in the therapy of bronchial asthma?

A

Formoterol

89
Q

Indicate the agent of choice in the emergency therapy of anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

90
Q

Which sympathomimetics is an effective mydriatic?

A

Phenylephrine

91
Q

The adverse effects of sympathomimetics include

A
  • Cerebral hemorrhage or pulmonary edema
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Ventricular arrhythmias
92
Q

The adverse effects of sympathomimetics do not include

A

Drug-induced parkinsonism

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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