METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors

Question 1

The major natural estrogens produced by women are

Answer 1

• Estradiol (Estradiol-17β, E2)
• Estron (E1)
• Estriol (E3)

Question 2

True or False. Estrogens are required for normal sexual maturation and growth of the female

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

True or False. Estrogens decrease the rate of resorption of bone

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

True or False. Estrogens enhance the coagulability of blood

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

The major synthetic estrogens are

Answer 5

• Dienestrol
• Diethylstilbestrol
• Benzestrol

Question 6

True or False about estrogens. Estradiol binds strongly to an α2-globulin and albumin with lower affinity

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

True or False about estrogens. Estradiol is converted by liver and other tissues to estron and estriol and their 2-hydroxylated derivatives and conjugated metabolites and excreted in the bile

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

True or False about estrogens. Estrone and estriol have lower affinity for the estrogen receptors than estradiol

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Indications of synthetic estrogens are

Answer 9

• Primary hypogonadism
• Postmenopausal hormonal therapy
• Hormonal contraception

Question 10

Main complications of estrogens’ therapy include

Answer 10

• Postmenopausal uterine bleeding
• Breast tenderness
• Hyperpigmentation

Question 11

Main contraindications of estrogens’ therapy include

Answer 11

• Estrogen-dependent neoplasmas such as carcinoma of the endometrium or carcinoma of the breast
• Undiagnosed genital bleeding
• Liver disease

Question 12

Tamoxifen is

Answer 12

Antiestrogen

Question 13

Progesterone is secreted by

Answer 13

Corpus luteum

Question 14

The major natural progestin is

Answer 14

Progesterone

Question 15

True or False about progestins. Progesterone is rapidly absorbed following administration by any route

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

True or False about progestins. In the liver, progesterone is metabolized to pregnanediol and conjugated with glucuronic acid.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

True or False about progestins. Significant amounts of progestins and their metabolites are excreted in the urine

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

True or False. The normal ovary produces small amount of androgens, including testosterone, androstenedione, and degydroepiandrosterone.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Noncontraceptive clinical uses of progestins are

Answer 19

• Hormone replacement therapy
• Dysmenorrhea
• Endometriosis

Question 20

True or False. Estrogens possess immunomodulator properties, but progestins do immunodepressant ones.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Mifepristone (RU-486) is

Answer 21

Antiprogestin

Question 22

True or False. Mifepristone (RU-486) is used as a contraceptive and abortifacient.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Actions of mifepristone (RU-486) include

Answer 23

• Inhibition of ovulation during the follicular phase by blocking hypothalamic-pituitary progesterone receptors, which suppresses midcycle gonadotropin release
• During the luteal phase, inhibition of progesterone action on the uterus, which induces prostaglandin release from the endometrium
• Termination of pregnancy by facilitating luteolysis, menstruation, uterine motility, softening of the cervix, and
  detachment of the embryo.

Question 24

True or False about oral contraceptives. The “combination pill” contains both estrogen and progestin

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

True or False about oral contraceptives. Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol are commonly used in oral contraceptives

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

True or False about oral contraceptives. The “minipill” contains progestin alone

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

True or False about oral contraceptives. The “triphasic pill” contains estrogen, progestin, and luteinizing hormine (LH)

Answer 27

FALSE