METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Vitamins, Vitamin-like Compounds, Antivitamins, Enzymes & Antienzymes

Question 1

Vitamins are

Answer 1

Any of various fat-soluble or water-soluble organic substances essential in minute amounts for normal growth and activity of the body and obtained naturally from plant and animal fo

Question 2

Vitamin-like compounds are

Answer 2

A number of compounds, whose nutritional requirements exist at specific periods of development, particularly neonatal development, and periods of rapid growth

Question 3

Antivitamins are

Answer 3

Substances that prevent vitamins from exerting their typical metabolic effects

Question 4

Coenzymes are

Answer 4

Nonprotein organic substances that usually contain a vitamin or mineral and combines with a specific apoenzyme to form an active enzyme system

Question 5

Antienzymes are

Answer 5

Agents, especially an inhibitory enzymes or an antibodies to enzymes, that retard, inhibit, or destroy enzymic activity

Question 6

True or False. Hypovitaminosis is an insufficiency of one or more essential vitamins.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

True or False. Hypervitaminosis is any of various abnormal conditions in which the physiological effect of a vitamin is produced to a pathological degree by excessive intake of the vitamin.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Select a fat-soluble vitamin

Answer 8

Tocopherol

Question 9

Select a water-soluble vitamin

Answer 9

Vitamin B1

Question 10

Which vitamins can be also synthesized from a dietary precursor?

Answer 10

Vitamin A

Question 11

Which vitamins resembles with hormone

Answer 11

Vitamin D

Question 12

Beri-beri is caused by the deficiency of

Answer 12

Thiamine

Question 13

Beri-beri is

Answer 13

Disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, endemic in eastern and southern Asia, and characterized by neurological symptoms, cardiovascular abnormalities, and edema. It is also called endemic neuritis

Question 14

Deficiency symptom of riboflavin is

Answer 14

• Cheilitis – inflammation of the lips or of a lip, with redness and the production of fissures radiating from the angles of the mouth
• Cheilosis – a disorder of the lips characterized by fissures, especially in the corners of the mouth
• Angular stomatitis, associated with a wrinkled or fissured epithelium that does not involve the mucosa

Question 15

True or False about vitamin A functions. Transmission of light stimuli to the brain, via combination with a specific protein, opsin, to form a visual pigment, rhodopsin, in the retina of the eye

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

True or False about vitamin A functions. Regulation of cell growth and differentiation in epithelium, connective tissues (including bone and cartilage) and hematopoietic tissues by retinoic acid, a highly bioactive metabolite of retinol

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

True or False about vitamin A functions. Retinoic acid is especially important during embryogenesis

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

True or False about vitamin A functions. Acts as a hormone involved in regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

Deficiency symptom of vitamin A is

Answer 19

• Night blindness – lessened ability to see in dim light
• Xerophthalmia and keratomalacia
• Various epithelial tissue defects, leading to decreased resistance to infective diseases, male and female infertility

Question 20

Xerophthalmia is

Answer 20

Extreme dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from a disease localized in the eye or from systemic deficiency of vitamin A

Question 21

Keratomalacia is:

Answer 21

A condition, usually in children with vitamin A deficiency, characterized by softening and subsequent ulceration and perforation of the cornea

Question 22

Night blindness (Hemeralopia, Nyctalopia) is

Answer 22

A condition of the eyes in which vision is normal in daylight or other strong light but is abnormally weak or completely lost at night or in dim light and that results from vitamin A deficiency

Question 23

True or False about vitamin E functions. An extremely important antioxidant, which protects cell membrane lipids from peroxidation by breaking the chain reaction of free radical formation to which polyunsaturated fatty acids are particularly vulnerable

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

True or False about vitamin E functions. Antisterility and antiabortion factor

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

True or False about vitamin E functions. Specifically required for synthesis of prothrombin and several other clotting factors

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

True or False about vitamin E functions. An essential for oxidative processes regulation

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

True or False about vitamin B1. An essential coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylate of alpha-keto acids, most important being conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

True or False about vitamin B2 functions. Essential constituent of flavoproteins, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

True or False about vitamin B2 functions. Plays key roles in hydrogen transfer reactions associated with glycolysis, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

True or False about vitamin B2 functions. An essential coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylate of alpha-keto acids, most important being conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

True or False about vitamin B2 functions. Deficiency symptoms are cheilitis, cheilosis and angular stomatitis

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

True or False about vitamin PP (B3, niacin) functions. Active group of the coenzymes nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide-adenine phosphate (NADP)

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

True or False about pyridoxine (vitamin B6) functions. Active functional form is pyridoxal phosphate, which is an essential coenzyme for transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids in more than 50 different enzyme systems

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

True or False about pantothinic acid functions. Essential constituent of coenzyme A, the important coenzyme for acyl transfer in the TCA cycle and de novo fatty acid synthesis

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

True or False about biotin functions. Coenzyme for several reactions involving CO2 fixation into various compounds e.g. acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA (acetyl CoA carboxylase) – initial step in de novo fatty acid synthesis; propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA (propionyl CoA carboxylase), pyruvate to oxaloacetate (pyruvate carboxylase).

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

True or False about vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) functions. Coenzyme for numerous metabolic reaction, including transformation of methylamlonyl CoA to succinyl CoA in the metabolism of propionate; DNA synthesis (acts in concert with folic acid); transmethylation e.g. methionine synthesis from homocysteine

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

True or False about folic acid (folacin) functions. Carrier of one-carbon (e.g. methyl) groups that are added to, or removed from, metabolites such as histidine, serine, methionine, and purines

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

True or False about vitamin C functions. Has antioxidant properties and is required for various hydroxylation reactions e.g. proline to hydroxypoline for collagen synthesis

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia are characteristics of

Answer 39

Pellagra

Question 40

Pellagra is

Answer 40

A disease caused by a deficiency of niacin in the diet and characterized by skin eruptions, digestive and nervous system disturbances, and eventual mental deterioration

Question 41

Pernicious anemia is

Answer 41

A severe form of anemia most often affecting elderly adults, caused by a failure of the stomach to absorb vitamin B12 and characterized by abnormally large red blood cells, gastrointestinal disturbances, and lesions of the spinal cord

Question 42

Rickets is

Answer 42

A deficiency disease resulting from a lack of vitamin D or calcium and from insufficient exposure to sunlight, characterized by defective bone growth and occurring chiefly in children

Question 43

Scurvy is

Answer 43

A disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C and characterized by spongy bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, and weakness

Question 44

Which vitamins is given along with isoniazide in treatment of tuberculosis?

Answer 44

Pyridoxine

Question 45

Which vitamins is also known as an antisterility factor?

Answer 45

Vitamin E

Question 46

Mega doses of which vitamin are some time beneficial viral respiratory infections

Answer 46

Vitamin С

Question 47

Which vitamins improves megaloblast anemia but does not protect the neurological manifestations of pernicious anemia?

Answer 47

Vitamin B12

Question 48

True or False. Vitamin К enhances the anticoagulant property of coumarins.

Answer 48

FALSE

Question 49

Loosening of teeth, gingivitis and hemorrhage occur in the deficiency of

Answer 49

Vitamin C

Question 50

Ingestion of polar bear liver may cause acute poisoning of

Answer 50

Vitamin A

Question 51

Which antivitamins prevent a vitamin B6 from exerting its typical metabolic effects?

Answer 51

- Isoniazide - Ethanol - Carbamazepine

Question 52

Which antivitamins prevent a vitamin A from exerting its typical metabolic effects?

Answer 52

Lipooxidase

Question 53

Which antivitamins prevent a vitamin K from exerting its typical metabolic effects?

Answer 53

- Cholestiramine - Coumarins - Antibiotics

Question 54

Which coenzymes is of vitamin origin?

Answer 54

Piridixal-5-phosphate

Question 55

Which coenzymes is not of vitamin origin?

Answer 55

- Coenzyme Q10 - Magnesium - Carnitine

Question 56

These substances are vitamin-like compounds

Answer 56

- Choline - Vitamin U (methylmethioninesulfonil chloride) - Orotate acid

Question 57

Which substances is a vitamin-like compound?

Answer 57

Taurine

Question 58

Which antienzymes is a proteolysis inhibitor?

Answer 58

Contrical

Question 59

Which antienzymes is a beta-lactamase inhibitor?

Answer 59

- Clavulanic acid - Sulbactam - Tazobactam

Question 60

Which antienzymes is a fibrinolysis inhibitor?

Answer 60

Aminocaproic acid

Question 61

Which antienzymes is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor?

Answer 61

Disulfiram

Question 62

Which antienzymes is a cholinesterase inhibitor?

Answer 62

Physostigmine

Question 63

Which antienzymes is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor

Answer 63

Selegiline

Question 64

Which antienzymes is a xantine oxidase inhibitor?

Answer 64

Allopurinol

Question 65

Which antienzymes is an aromatase inhibitor used in cancer therapy?

Answer 65

Aminoglutethimide

Question 66

Which enzymes improves GIT functions (replacement therapy)

Answer 66

Pepsin

Question 67

Which enzymes has fibrinolytic activity?

Answer 67

Urokinase

Question 68

Which enzymes is used in cancer therapy?

Answer 68

L-asparaginase

Question 69

True or False about nutritional supplement (dietary supplement). Nutritional supplements are regulated as foods, and not as drugs

Answer 69

TRUE

Question 70

True or False about nutritional supplement (dietary supplement). Nutritional supplements are not pre-approved on their safety and efficacy, unlike drugs

Answer 70

TRUE

Question 71

True or False about nutritional supplement (dietary supplement). Nutritional supplements are intended to supplement the diet and bear or contain one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for human use to supplement the diet by increasing the total daily intake (e.g., enzymes or tissue from organ or glands), a concentrate, such as a meal replacement or energy bar, a metabolite, constituent, or extract

Answer 71

TRUE