AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Anxiolytic agents Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiolytics are used to treat

A

Neurosis

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2
Q

Anxiolytic agents should

A

Reduce anxiety and exert a calming effect

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3
Q

Anxiolytics are also useful for

A
  • Treatment of epilepsy and seizures
  • Insomnia
  • Muscle relaxation in specific neuromuscular disorders
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4
Q

Indicate the agents of choice in the treatment of most anxiety states

A

Benzodiazepines

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5
Q

The choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety is based on

A
  • A relatively high therapeutic index
  • Availability of flumazenil for treatment of overdose
  • A low risk of physiologic dependence
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6
Q

Which anxiolitics is a benzodiazepine derivative

A

Clordiazepoxide

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7
Q

Indicate the benzodiazepine, which has the shortest elimination half-life

A

Triazolam

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8
Q

Which benzodiazepines has the shortest duration of action?

A

Triazolam

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9
Q

Which benzodiazepines is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses?

A

Lorazepam

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10
Q

Anxiolytic dosage reduction is recommended

A
  • In patients taking cimetidine
  • In patients with hepatic dysfunction
  • In elderly patients
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11
Q

Which benzodiazepines is preferred for elderly patients?

A

Triazolam

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12
Q

Which anxiolytics is preferred in patient with limited hepatic function?

A

Buspirone

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13
Q

Indicate the mechanism of hypnotic benzodiazepine action

A

Increasing the frequency of Cl- channel opening events

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14
Q

Which anxiolytics is a partial agonist of brain 5-HT1A receptors?

A

Buspirone

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15
Q

Indicate the competitive antagonist of BZ receptors

A

Flumazenil

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16
Q

Indicate the agent, which interferes with GABA binding

A

Bicuculline

17
Q

Antianxiety agents have

A
  • Sedative and hypnotic activity
  • Muscle relaxing and anticonvulsant effects
  • Amnesic properties
18
Q

Which disadvantages does not limit using benzodiazepines as antianxiety agents?

A

A high risk of drug interactions based on liver enzyme induction

19
Q

Indicate the anxiolitic agent, which relieves anxiety without causing marked sedative effects

A

Buspirone

20
Q

Which anxiolytics has minimal abuse liability?

A

Buspirone

21
Q

In contrast to benzodiazepines, buspirone

A

Causes less psychomotor impairment and does not affect driving skills

22
Q

Which sedative-hypnotic drugs does not potentiate the CNS depressant effects of ethanol, phenothiazines, or tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Buspirone

23
Q

Limitation of buspirone is

A

An extremely slow onset of action

24
Q

Which drugs may be used as antianxiety agents?

A
  • BETA-blocking drugs
  • Clonidine - a partial agonist of alfa2 receptors
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
25
Q

Which benzodiazepines is more likely to cause “hangover” effects such as drowsiness, dysphoria, and mental or motor depression the following day?

A

Clorazepat

26
Q

Additive CNS depression can be predicted if benzodiazepines are used with

A
  • Ethanol
  • Morphine
  • Clorpromazine
27
Q

Which dosage of benzodiazepines for 60-90 days may produce severe withdrawal symptoms?

A

50-60 mg/d

28
Q

Restlessness, anxiety, orthostatic hypotension, generalized seizures, severe tremor, vivid hallucination, and psychosis are possible symptoms of

A

Withdrawal

29
Q

Flumazenil is used to

A
  • Reverse the CNS depressant effects of hypnotic benzodiazepines overdose
  • Hasten recovery following use of hypnotic benzodiazepines in anesthetic and diagnostic procedure
  • Reverse benzodiazepine-induced respiratory depression
30
Q

Flumazenil given intravenously

A

Acts rapidly but has a short half-life