METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones, Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs Flashcards
Hormones are
Products of endocrine gland secretion
An endocrine drug which is an amino acid derivative
Thyroxine
An endocrine drug which is a peptide derivative
Oxitocin
An endocrine drug which is a steroidal derivative
Hydrocortisone
Hormone analogues are
Synthetic compounds, which resemble the naturally occurring hormones
True or False about mechanism of action of hormones. Hormones interact with the specific receptors in the wall of the cells
FALSE
True or False about mechanism of action of hormones. Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger system
TRUE
True or False about mechanism of action of hormones. They stimulate adenylcyclase enzyme
TRUE
True or False about mechanism of action of hormones. Many hormones owe their effect to primary actions on subcellular membrane.
TRUE
Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones (and their synthetic analogs) have pharmacologic applications in three areas
- As replacement therapy for hormone deficiency states
- As drug therapy for a variety of disorders using pharmacologic doses to elicit a hormonal effect that is not present at physiologic a blood levels
- As a diagnostic tool for performing stimulation tests to diagnose hypo- or hyperfunctional endocrine states
Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones (and their synthetic analogs) have pharmacologic applications in three areas, excet
As food supplements
Which hormones is produced by the hypothalamic gland?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Which hormones is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary?
Growth hormone (somatotropin, GH)
The posterior pitutary does NOT secret
Growth hormone
The posterior pitutary secret
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
Which organs is a target for prolactin?
Mammary gland
Which organ hormones is a target for growth hormone (somatotropine, GH)?
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF, somatomedins)
True or False about growth hormone. It may stimulate the synthesis or release of somatomedins
TRUE
True or False about growth hormone.Low levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 are associated with dwarfism
TRUE
True or False about growth hormone. Hypersecretion can result in acromegaly
FALSE
True or False about growth hormone. It is contraindicated in subjects with closed epiphyses
TRUE
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) include
- Endogenous ACTH is also called corticotropin
- ACTH stimulates the synthesis of corticosteroids
- ACTH is most useful clinically as a diagnostic tool in adrenal insufficiency
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do not include
The oral route is the preferred rout of administration
True or False. The hypothalamic control exists for the thyroid gland.
TRUE
Indications of bromocriptine are
- Prolactin-secreting adenomas
- Amenorrhea-Galactorrhea
- Acromegaly
Indications of bromocriptine are not
Prolactin deficiency
Currently used dopamine agonists decreasing pituitary prolactin secretion are following
- Bromocriptine
- Cabergoline
- Pergolide
Indications of oxitocin are
- Labor and augment dysfunctional labor for conditions requiring early vaginal delivery
- Incompleted abortion
- For control of pospartum uterine hemorrhage
Indications of vasopressin are
Pituitary diabetes insipidus
Vasopressin possesses the following
Antidiuretic property
Oxytocin produces the following effects
- It causes contraction of the uterus
- It assists the progress of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity
- It brings about milk ejection from the lactating mammary gland
Vasopressin causes a pressor effect by
A direct action on smooth muscles of the blood vessels
True or False. Hypothyroidism is a syndrome resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormones and is manifested largely by a reversible slowing down of all body functions
True
Which hormones is produced by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine
Which hormones is produced by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronine
Thyroid stimulating hormone regulates the following
- Iodine uptake
- Biosynthesis of iodothyroglobulin
- Release of thyroid hormone into the plasma
True or False about Thyroid hormones. Decline of the basal metabolic rate in the body
FALSE
True or False about Thyroid hormones. Increase in the rate and force of contraction of the heart
TRUE
True or False about Thyroid hormones. Increase in the blood cholestrol level
TRUE
True or False about Thyroid hormones. Increase in the heat production
TRUE
Synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by
- Anterior pituitary alone
- Hypothalamus alone
- Blood levels of thyroid hormones alone
Thyrotrophin stimulates
Release of thyroxine and triidothyronine
The rate of secretion of thyrotropin is controlled by
The concentration of thyroid hormones in blood
Indications of thyroid hormones are
- Cretinism
- Myxoedema
- Hashimoto’s disease
The common side effect of thyroid hormones is
Exopthalmos
Currently used antithyroid drugs include the following
- Propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque)
- Methimazole (Tapazole)
In an area where goitre is endemic, which of the following drugs is used?
Iodide 1 part in 100000
Iodide preparations can be used in following situations
- In thyroid disorders
- In granulomatous lesions e.g. Syphilis
- As an antiseptic
Iodide preparations can not be used in following situations
In iodism
Daily administration of large doses (several milligrammes) of iodides to a thyrotoxic patient causes
Thyroid gland growing firm and less vascular
Radioiodines (I131 and I132) is suitable for
Elderly patients (over 45 years)
Radioiodines in the body emit
Mainly β radiations
