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Pharmacology > AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Cholinoreceptor blocking drugs > Flashcards

AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Cholinoreceptor blocking drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The group of nicotinic receptor-blocking drugs consists of

A
  • Ganglion-blockers

- Neuromuscular junction blockers

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2
Q

M3 receptor subtype is located

A

On effector cell membranes of glandular and smooth muscle cells

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3
Q

Which drugs is both a muscarinic and nicotinic blocker?

A

Benztropine

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4
Q

Indicate a muscarinic receptor-blocking drug

A

Scopolamine

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5
Q

Which agents is a ganglion-blocking drug?

A

Hexamethonium

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6
Q

Indicate the skeletal muscle relaxant, which is a depolarizing agent

A

Succinylcholine

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7
Q

Which drugs is a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant?

A

Pancuronium

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8
Q

Indicate the drug, which is rapidly and fully distributed into CNS and has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents?

A

Scopolamine

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9
Q

The effect of the drug on parasympathetic function declines rapidly in

A
  • Heart
  • Smooth muscle organs
  • Glands
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10
Q

The effect of the drug on parasympathetic function declines rapidly in all organs EXCEPT

A

Eye

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11
Q

The mechanism of atropine action is

A

Competitive muscarinic blockade

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12
Q

The tissues most sensitive to atropine are

A

The salivary, bronchial and sweat glands

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13
Q

Atropine is highly selective for

A
  • M1 receptor subtype
  • M2 receptor subtype
  • M3 receptor subtype
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14
Q

Which antimuscarinic drugs is often effective in preventing or reversing vestibular disturbances, especially motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine

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15
Q

Atropine causes

A

Mydriasis, a rise in intraocular pressure and cyclo

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16
Q

Patients complain of dry or “sandy” eyes when receiving large doses of

A

Atropine

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17
Q

All of the following parts of the heart are very sensitive to muscarinic receptor blockade

A
  • Atria
  • Sinoatrial node
  • Atrioventricular node
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18
Q

All of the following parts of the heart are very sensitive to muscarinic receptor blockade except:

A

Ventricle

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19
Q

Atropine causes

A

Tachycardia, little effect on blood pressure and bronchodilation

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20
Q

Atropine is frequently used prior to administration of inhalant anesthetics to reduce

A

Secretions

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21
Q

Atropine is now rarely used for the treatment of peptic ulcer because of

A
  • Slow gastric empting and prolongation of the exposure of the ulcer bed to acid
  • Low efficiency and necessity of large doses
  • Adverse effects
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22
Q

Which antimuscarinic drugs is a selective M1 blocker?

A

Pirenzepine

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23
Q

Atropine causes

A

Spasmolitic activity

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24
Q

Which drugs is useful in the treatment of uterine spasms?

A

Atropine

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25
Q

Atropine may cause a rise in body temperature (atropine fever)

A

In infants and children

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26
Q

The pharmacologic actions of scopolamine most closely resemble those of

A

Atropine

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27
Q

Compared with atropine, scopolamine has all of the following properties

A
  • More marked central effect
  • More potent in producing mydriasis and cycloplegia
  • Lower effects on the heart, bronchial muscle and intestines
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28
Q

Compared with atropine, scopolamine has all of the following properties EXCEPT

A

Less potent in decreasing bronchial, salivary and sweat gland secretion

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29
Q

Which drugs is useful in the treatment of Parkinson′s disease?

A

Benztropine

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30
Q

Indicate the antimuscarinic drug, which is used as a mydriatic

A

Homatropine

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31
Q

Which agents is used as an inhalation drug in asthma?

A

Ipratropium

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32
Q

Which agents is most effective in regenerating cholinesterase associated with skeletal muscle neuromuscular junctions?

A

Pralidoxime

33
Q

Indicate an antimuscarinic drug, which is effective in the treatment of mushroom poising

A

Atropine

34
Q

Antimuscarinics are used in the treatment of

A
  • Motion sickness
  • Hyperhidrosis
  • Asthma
35
Q

Antimuscarinics are used in the treatment of the following disorders EXCEPT

A

Glaucoma

36
Q

The atropine poisoning includes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

A

Bradicardia, orthostatic hypotension

37
Q

The atropine poisoning includes all of the following symptoms

A
  • Mydriasis, cycloplegia
  • Hyperthermia, dry mouth, hot and flushed skin
  • Agitation and delirium
38
Q

The treatment of the antimuscarinic effects can be carried out with

A

Neostigmine

39
Q

Contraindications to the use of antimuscarinic drugs are

A
  • Glaucoma
  • Myasthenia
  • Paralytic ileus and atony of the urinary bladder
40
Q

Contraindications to the use of antimuscarinic drugs are all of the following except

A

Bronchial asthma

41
Q

Hexamethonium blocks the action of acethylcholine and similar agonists at

A

Autonomic ganglia

42
Q

The applications of the ganglion blockers have disappeared because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A

Respiratory depression

43
Q

The applications of the ganglion blockers have disappeared because of all of the following reasons

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Lack of selectivity
  • Homeostatic reflexes block
44
Q

Which agents is a short-acting ganglion blocker?

A

Trimethaphane

45
Q

Indicate the ganglion-blocking drug, which can be taken orally for the treatment of hypertension?

A

Mecamylamine

46
Q

The systemic effects of hexamethonium include

A
  • Reduction of both peripheral vascular resistance and venous return
  • Partial mydriasis and loss of accommodation
  • Constipation and urinary retention
47
Q

The systemic effects of hexamethonium include all of the following EXCEPT

A

Stimulation of thermoregulatory sweating

48
Q

Ganglion blocking drugs are used for the following emergencies

A
  • Hypertensive crises
  • Controlled hypotension
  • Pulmonary edema
49
Q

Ganglion blocking drugs are used for the following emergencies EXCEPT

A

Cardiovascular collapse

50
Q

Agents that produce neuromuscular blockade act by inhibiting:

A

Interaction of acetylcholine with cholinergic receptors

51
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis can occur from interruption of functions at several sites, including

A
  • Nicotinic acethylcholine receptors
  • The motor end plate
  • Contractile apparatus
52
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis can occur from interruption of functions at several sites, including all of the following EXCEPT

A

Muscarinic acethylcholine receptors

53
Q

Nondepolarisation neuromuscular blocking agents

A

Prevent access of the transmitter to its receptor and depolarization

54
Q

Which drugs has “double-acetylcholine” structure?

A

Succylcholine

55
Q

Indicate the long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent

A

Tubocurarine

56
Q

Which neuromuscular blocking drugs is an intermediate-duration muscle relaxant?

A

Vecuronium

57
Q

Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has the fastest onset of effect?

A

Rapacuronium

58
Q

Indicate the neuromuscular blocker, whose breakdown product readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and may cause seizures

A

Atracurium

59
Q

Which competitive neuromuscular blocking agent could be used in patients with renal failure?

A

Atracurium

60
Q

Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has short duration of action

A

Mivacurium

61
Q

Which depolarizing agent has the extremely brief duration of action?

A

Succinylcholine

62
Q

Neuromuscular blockade by both succinylcholine and mivacurium may be prolonged in patients wit

A
  • An abnormal variant of plasma cholinesterase

- Hepatic disease

63
Q

Depolarizing agents include

A
  • React with the nicotinic receptor to open the channel and cause depolarisation of the end plate
  • Cause desensitization, noncompetive block manifested by flaccid paralysis
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors do not have the ability to reverse the blockade
64
Q

Depolarizing agents include all of the following properties EXCEPT

A

Interact with nicotinic receptor to compete with acetylcholine without receptor activation

65
Q

Which neuromuscular blockers causes transient muscle fasciculations?

A

Succinylcholine

66
Q

Indicate muscles, which are more resistant to block and recover more rapidly

A

Diaphragm

67
Q

Which neuromuscular blocking agent has the potential to cause the greatest release of histamine?

A

Tubocurarine

68
Q

Which of the following muscular relaxants causes hypotension and bronchospasm?

A

Tubocurarine

69
Q

Indicate the neuromuscular blocker, which causes tachycardia

A

Pancuronium

70
Q

Which neuromuscular blocking agents cause cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Succinylcholine

71
Q

Effects seen only with depolarizing blockade include

A
  • Hypercaliemia
  • Emesis
  • Muscle pain
72
Q

Effects seen only with depolarizing blockade include all of the following EXCEPT

A

A decrease in intraocular pressure

73
Q

Which neuromuscular blocking agent is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma?

A

Succinylcholine

74
Q

Indicate the following neuromuscular blocker, which would be contraindicated in patients with renal failure

A

Pipecuronium

75
Q

All of the following drugs increase the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents EXCEPT

A

Nondepolarizing blockers

76
Q

Drugs that increase the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Antiarrhythmic drugs
  • Local anesthetics
77
Q

Which diseases can augment the neuromuscular blockade produced by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants?

A

Myasthenia gravis

78
Q

Indicate the agent, which effectively antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade caused by nondepolarizing drugs

A

Neostigmine

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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