AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Antipsychotic agents Flashcards
Neuroleptics are used to treat
Psychosis
Most antipsychotic drugs
Strongly block postsynaptic d2receptor
Which dopaminergic systems is most closely related to behavior?
The mesolimbic and mesofrontal systems
Hyperprolactinemia is caused by blockade of dopamine in
The pituitary
Parkinsonian symptoms and tarditive dyskinesia are caused by blockade dopamine in
The nigrostriatal system
Extrapyramidal reactions can be treated by
Benztropine mesylate
True or False. D1 postsynaptic receptors are located in striatum
TRUE
True or False. D2 pre- and postsynaptic receptors are located in striatum and limbic areas
TRUE
True or False. D4 postsynaptic receptors are located in frontal cortex, mesolimbic system
TRUE
Which antipsychotic drugs is typical?
Haloperidol
Indicate the atypical antipsychotic drug
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic agents (such as clozapine) differ from typical ones
- In reduced risks of extrapyramidal system dysfunction and tardive dyscinesia
- In having low affinity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors
- In having high affinity for D4 dopamine receptors
Tardive dyskinesia is the result of
Hyperactive dopaminergic state in the presence of dopamine blockers
Which antipsychotic drugs has high affinity for D4 and 5-HT2 receptors?
Clozapine
Indicate the antipsychotic drug, which is a phenothiazine aliphatic derivative
Chlorpromazine
Indicate the antipsychotic drug, which is a butyrophenone derivative
Droperidol
Indicate the antipsychotic drug, which is a thioxanthene derivative
Thiothixene
Indicate the antipsychotic agent – a dibenzodiazepine derivative
Clozapine
The strong antiemetic effect of the phenothiazine derivatives is due to dopamine receptor blockade
- In the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla
- Of the receptors in the stomach
- The medullar vomiting centre
Phenothiazine derivatives are able to
Alter temperature-regulating mechanisms producing hypothermia
Most phenothiazine derivatives have
- Antihistaminic activity
- Anticholinergic activity
- Antidopaminergic activity
Indicate the antipsychotic drug having significant peripheral alpha-adrenergic blocking activity
Chlorpromazine
Indicate the antipsychotic drug having a muscarinic-cholinergic blocking activity
Chlorpromazine
Indicate the antipsychotic drug having H1-antihistaminic activity
- Clozapine
- Chlorpromazine
- Olanzapine
Parkinson′s syndrome, acute dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, antimuscarinic actions, orthostatic hypotension, galactorrhea are possible adverse effects of
Chlorpromazine
Orthostatic hypotension can occur as a result of
- The central action of phenothiazines
- Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake mechanisms
- Alpha adrenoreceptor blockade
Adverse peripheral effects, such as loss of accommodation, dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation are related to
Muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockade
Which phenothiazine derivatives is a potent local anesthetic?
Chlorpromazine
Which phenothiazine derivatives may produce cardiac toxicity, including ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac
conduction block, and sudden death?
Thioridazine
Which antipsychotic agents is preferable in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular disease?
Haloperidol
Which antipsychotic agents is used in combination with an opioid drug fentanyl in neuroleptanalgesia?
Droperidol
The mechanism of haloperidol antipsychotic action is
- Blocking D2 receptors
- Central alpha-adrenergic blocking
- Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake mechanisms
True or False about clozapine. Has potent anticholinergic activity
TRUE
True or False about clozapine. Has high affinity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors
FALSE
True or False about clozapine. Produces significant extrapyramidal toxicity
FALSE
True or False about clozapine. Is related to typical antipsychotic agents
FALSE
Which antipsychotic drugs has the high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis and risk of seizures at high doses?
Clozapine
Which antipsychotic drugs has high affinity for D2 and 5-HT2 receptors?
Risperidone
Lithium carbonate is useful in the treatment of
Bipolar disorder
The drug of choice for manic-depressive psychosis is
Lithium carbonate
The lithium mode of action is
- Effect on electrolytes and ion transport
- Effect on neurotransmitters
- Effect on second messengers
True or False about lithium. Stimulate dopamine and beta-adrenergic receptors
FALSE
True or False about lithium. Decrease catecholamine-related activity
TRUE
True or False about lithium. Stimulate the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity
FALSE
True or False about lithium. Decrease cholinergic activity
FALSE
Which adverse effects is associated with lithium treatment?
- Cardiovascular anomalies in the newborn
- Thyroid enlargement
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
