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Pharmacology > AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Antipsychotic agents > Flashcards

AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Antipsychotic agents Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroleptics are used to treat

A

Psychosis

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2
Q

Most antipsychotic drugs

A

Strongly block postsynaptic d2receptor

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3
Q

Which dopaminergic systems is most closely related to behavior?

A

The mesolimbic and mesofrontal systems

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4
Q

Hyperprolactinemia is caused by blockade of dopamine in

A

The pituitary

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5
Q

Parkinsonian symptoms and tarditive dyskinesia are caused by blockade dopamine in

A

The nigrostriatal system

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6
Q

Extrapyramidal reactions can be treated by

A

Benztropine mesylate

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7
Q

True or False. D1 postsynaptic receptors are located in striatum

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or False. D2 pre- and postsynaptic receptors are located in striatum and limbic areas

A

TRUE

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9
Q

True or False. D4 postsynaptic receptors are located in frontal cortex, mesolimbic system

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Which antipsychotic drugs is typical?

A

Haloperidol

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11
Q

Indicate the atypical antipsychotic drug

A

Clozapine

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12
Q

Atypical antipsychotic agents (such as clozapine) differ from typical ones

A
  • In reduced risks of extrapyramidal system dysfunction and tardive dyscinesia
  • In having low affinity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors
  • In having high affinity for D4 dopamine receptors
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13
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is the result of

A

Hyperactive dopaminergic state in the presence of dopamine blockers

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14
Q

Which antipsychotic drugs has high affinity for D4 and 5-HT2 receptors?

A

Clozapine

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15
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic drug, which is a phenothiazine aliphatic derivative

A

Chlorpromazine

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16
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic drug, which is a butyrophenone derivative

A

Droperidol

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17
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic drug, which is a thioxanthene derivative

A

Thiothixene

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18
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic agent – a dibenzodiazepine derivative

A

Clozapine

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19
Q

The strong antiemetic effect of the phenothiazine derivatives is due to dopamine receptor blockade

A
  • In the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla
  • Of the receptors in the stomach
  • The medullar vomiting centre
20
Q

Phenothiazine derivatives are able to

A

Alter temperature-regulating mechanisms producing hypothermia

21
Q

Most phenothiazine derivatives have

A
  • Antihistaminic activity
  • Anticholinergic activity
  • Antidopaminergic activity
22
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic drug having significant peripheral alpha-adrenergic blocking activity

A

Chlorpromazine

23
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic drug having a muscarinic-cholinergic blocking activity

A

Chlorpromazine

24
Q

Indicate the antipsychotic drug having H1-antihistaminic activity

A
  • Clozapine
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Olanzapine
25
Q

Parkinson′s syndrome, acute dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, antimuscarinic actions, orthostatic hypotension, galactorrhea are possible adverse effects of

A

Chlorpromazine

26
Q

Orthostatic hypotension can occur as a result of

A
  • The central action of phenothiazines
  • Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake mechanisms
  • Alpha adrenoreceptor blockade
27
Q

Adverse peripheral effects, such as loss of accommodation, dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation are related to

A

Muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockade

28
Q

Which phenothiazine derivatives is a potent local anesthetic?

A

Chlorpromazine

29
Q

Which phenothiazine derivatives may produce cardiac toxicity, including ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac
conduction block, and sudden death?

A

Thioridazine

30
Q

Which antipsychotic agents is preferable in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular disease?

A

Haloperidol

31
Q

Which antipsychotic agents is used in combination with an opioid drug fentanyl in neuroleptanalgesia?

A

Droperidol

32
Q

The mechanism of haloperidol antipsychotic action is

A
  • Blocking D2 receptors
  • Central alpha-adrenergic blocking
  • Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake mechanisms
33
Q

True or False about clozapine. Has potent anticholinergic activity

A

TRUE

34
Q

True or False about clozapine. Has high affinity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors

A

FALSE

35
Q

True or False about clozapine. Produces significant extrapyramidal toxicity

A

FALSE

36
Q

True or False about clozapine. Is related to typical antipsychotic agents

A

FALSE

37
Q

Which antipsychotic drugs has the high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis and risk of seizures at high doses?

A

Clozapine

38
Q

Which antipsychotic drugs has high affinity for D2 and 5-HT2 receptors?

A

Risperidone

39
Q

Lithium carbonate is useful in the treatment of

A

Bipolar disorder

40
Q

The drug of choice for manic-depressive psychosis is

A

Lithium carbonate

41
Q

The lithium mode of action is

A
  • Effect on electrolytes and ion transport
  • Effect on neurotransmitters
  • Effect on second messengers
42
Q

True or False about lithium. Stimulate dopamine and beta-adrenergic receptors

A

FALSE

43
Q

True or False about lithium. Decrease catecholamine-related activity

A

TRUE

44
Q

True or False about lithium. Stimulate the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity

A

FALSE

45
Q

True or False about lithium. Decrease cholinergic activity

A

FALSE

46
Q

Which adverse effects is associated with lithium treatment?

A
  • Cardiovascular anomalies in the newborn
  • Thyroid enlargement
  • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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