AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - General anesthetics

Question 1

The state of “general anesthesia” usually includes

Answer 1

• Analgesia
• Loss of consciousness, inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexes
• Amnesia

Question 2

Inhaled anesthetics and intravenous agents having general anesthetic properties

Answer 2

Directly activate GABAA receptors

Question 3

Indicate the anesthetic, which is an inhibitor of NMDA glutamate receptors:

Answer 3

Ketamine

Question 4

An ideal anesthetic drug would

Answer 4

• Induces anesthesia smoothly and rapidly and secure rapid recovery
• Posses a wide margin of safety
• Be devoid of adverse effects

Question 5

Which general anesthetics belongs to inhalants?

Answer 5

Desfluran

Question 6

Indicate the anesthetic, which is used intravenously

Answer 6

Propofol

Question 7

Which inhalants is a gas anesthetic?

Answer 7

Nitrous oxide

Question 8

Sevoflurane has largely replaced halothane and isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic of choice because

Answer 8

• Induction of anesthesia is achieved more rapidly and smoothly
• Recovery is more rapid
• It has low post- anesthetic organ toxicity

Question 9

The limitation of sevoflurane is

Answer 9

Chemically unstable

Question 10

Which inhalants lacks sufficient potency to produce surgical anesthesia by itself and therefore is commonly used with another inhaled or intravenous anesthetic?

Answer 10

Nitrous oxide

Question 11

Which inhaled anesthetics has rapid onset and recovery?

Answer 11

• Nitrous oxide
• Desflurane
• Sevoflurane

Question 12

Indicate the inhaled anesthetic, which reduces arterial pressure and heart rate

Answer 12

Halothane

Question 13

Which inhaled anesthetics causes centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise in blood pressure and heart rate?

Answer 13

Desflurane

Question 14

Indicated the inhaled anesthetic, which decreases the ventilatory response to hypoxia

Answer 14

Nitrous oxide

Question 15

Which inhaled anesthetics is an induction agent of choice in patient with airway problems?

Answer 15

Halothane

Question 16

Indicate the inhaled anesthetic, which causes the airway irritation

Answer 16

Desflurane

Question 17

Which inhaled anesthetics increases cerebral blood flow least of all?

Answer 17

Nitrous oxide

Question 18

Indicate the inhaled anesthetic, which should be avoided in patients with a history of seizure disorders

Answer 18

Enflurane

Question 19

Which inhaled anesthetics can produce hepatic necrosis?

Answer 19

Halothane

Question 20

Indicated the inhaled anesthetic, which may cause nephrotoxicity

Answer 20

Soveflurane

Question 21

Which inhaled anesthetics decreases metheonine synthase activity and causes megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 21

Nitrous oxide

Question 22

Unlike inhaled anesthetics, intravenous agents such as thiopental, etomidate, and propofol

Answer 22

• Have a faster onset and rate of recovery
• Provide a state of conscious sedation
• Are commonly used for induction of anesthesia

Question 23

Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate

Answer 23

Thiopental

Question 24

Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which is a benzodiazepine derivative

Answer 24

Midazolam

Question 25

Which agents is used to accelerate recovery from the sedative actions of intravenous benzodiazepines?

Answer 25

Flumazenil

Question 26

Neuroleptanalgesia has the following properties

Answer 26

• Droperidol and fentanyl are commonly used
• It can be used with nitrous oxide to provide neuroleptanesthesia
• Confusion and mental depression can occur as adverse effects

Question 27

Neuroleptanalgesia has not the following properties

Answer 27

Hypertension is a common consequence

Question 28

Which intravenous anesthetics has antiemetic actions?

Answer 28

Propofol

Question 29

Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which causes minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects

Answer 29

Etomidate

Question 30

Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which produces dissociative anesthesia

Answer 30

Ketamine

Question 31

Ketamine anesthesia is associated with

Answer 31

• Cardiovascular stimulation
• Increased cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption and intracranial pressure
• Disorientation, sensory and perceptual illusions, and vivid dreams following anesthesia