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Pharmacology > AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Narcotic analgesics > Flashcards

AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Narcotic analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

Narcotics analgesics should

A

Relieve severe pain

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2
Q

Second-order pain is

A

Dull, burning pain

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3
Q

Chemical mediators in the nociceptive pathway are

A
  • Kinins
  • Prostaglandins
  • Substance P
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4
Q

Chemical mediators in the nociceptive pathway are not

A

Enkephalins

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5
Q

Indicate the chemical mediator in the antinociceptive descending pathways

A
  • BETA-endorphin
  • Met- and leu-enkephalin
  • Dynorphin
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6
Q

Which mediators is found mainly in long descending pathways from the midbrain to the dorsal horn?

A

Enkephalin

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7
Q

Select the brain and spinal cord regions, which are involved in the transmission of pain?

A
  • The limbic system, including the amygdaloidal nucleus and the hypothalamus
  • The ventral and medial parts of the thalamus
  • The substantia gelatinosa
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8
Q

Mu (μ) receptors are associated with

A

Analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, physical dependence

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9
Q

Which opioid receptor types is responsible for euphoria and respiratory depression?

A

Mu (μ) receptors

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10
Q

Indicate the opioid receptor type, which is responsible for dysphoria and vasomotor stimulation

A

Kappa-receptors

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11
Q

Kappa and delta agonists

A

Close a voltage-gated Ca2+ channels on presynaptic nerve terminals

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12
Q

Which supraspinal structures is implicated in pain-modulating descending pathways?

A

The midbrain periaqueductal gray

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13
Q

Indicate the neurons, which are located in the locus ceruleus or the lateral tegmental area of the reticular formation

A

Nonadrenergic

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14
Q

Which analgesics is a phenanthrene derivative?

A

Morphine

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15
Q

Tick narcotic analgesic, which is a phenylpiperidine derivative

A

Fentanyl

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16
Q

Which opioid analgesics is a strong mu receptor agonist?

A

Morphine

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17
Q

Indicate the narcotic analgesic, which is a natural agonist

A

Morphine

18
Q

Select the narcotic analgesic, which is an antagonist or partial mu receptor agonist

A

Pentazocine

19
Q

Which agents is a full antagonist of opioid receptors?

A

Naloxone

20
Q

The principal central nervous system effect of the opioid analgesics with affinity for a mu receptor is

A
  • Analgesia
  • Respiratory depression
  • Euphoria
21
Q

Which opioid analgesics can produce dysphoria, anxiety and hallucinations?

A

Pentazocine

22
Q

Indicate the opioid analgesic, which has 80 times analgesic potency and respiratory depressant properties of morphine, and is more effective than morphine in maintaining hemodynamic stability?

A

Fentanyl

23
Q

Which opioid analgesics is used in combination with droperidol in neuroleptanalgesia?

A

Fentanyl

24
Q

Fentanyl can produce significant respiratory depression by

A
  • Suppression of the cough reflex leading to airway obstruction
  • Development of truncal rigidity
25
Q

Most strong mu receptor agonists cause

A

Cerebral vasodilatation, causing an increase in intracranial pressure

26
Q

Which opioid analgesics can produce an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure and myocardial work?

A

Pentazocine

27
Q

Morphine causes

A
  • Constipation
  • Urinary retention
  • Bronchiolar constriction
28
Q

Morphine do not causes

A

Dilatation of the biliary duct

29
Q

Therapeutic doses of the opioid analgesics

A

Decrease body temperature

30
Q

Which opioid analgesics is used in obstetric labor?

A

Meperidine

31
Q

Indicate the opioid analgesic, which is used for relieving the acute, severe pain of renal colic

A

Meperidine

32
Q

Which opioid analgesics is used in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema?

A

Morphine

33
Q

The relief produced by intravenous morphine in dyspnea from pulmonary edema is associated with reduced

A
  • Perception of shortness of breath
  • Patient anxiety
  • Cardiac preload (reduced venous tone) and afterload (decreased peripheral resistance)
34
Q

Rhinorrhea, lacrimation, chills, gooseflesh, hyperventilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, muscular aches, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, and hostility are effects of

A

Abstinence syndrome

35
Q

The diagnostic triad of opioid overdosage is

A

Coma, depressed respiration and miosis

36
Q

Which opioid agents is used in the treatment of acute opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

37
Q

Indicate the pure opioid antagonist, which has a half-life of 10 hours

A

Naltrexone

38
Q

In contrast to morphine, methadone

A
  • Causes tolerance and physical dependence more slowly
  • Is more effective orally
  • Withdrawal is less severe, although more prolonged
39
Q

Which opioid analgesics is a partial mu receptor agonist?

A

Buprenorphine

40
Q

Indicate a partial mu receptor agonist, which has 20-60 times analgesic potency of morphine, and a longer duration of action

A

Buprenorphine

41
Q

Which opioid analgesics is a strong kappa receptor agonist and a mu receptor antagonist?

A

Nalbuphine

42
Q

Which drugs has weak mu agonist effects and inhibitory action on norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in the CNS?

A

Tramadol

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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