CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Flashcards
Sulfonamides are effective against
- Bacteria and Chlamidia
- Actinomyces
- Protozoa
Mechanism of sulfonamides’ antibacterial effect is
Inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase
Combination of sulfonamides with trimethoprim
Increases the antimicrobial activity
Sulfonamide potency is decreased in case of co-administration with
Local anesthetics – derivatives of paraaminobenzoic acid
The following measures are necessary for prevention of sulfonamide precipitation and crystalluria
Taking of drinks with alkaline pH
Resorptive sulfonamides have the following unwanted effects on blood system
- Hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Granulocytopenia
Mechanism of Trimethoprim’ action is
Inhibition of dihydropteroate reductase
Sulfonamides have the following unwanted effects
- Hematopoietic disturbances
- Crystalluria
- Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
The drug, which is effective against mycobacteria only
Isoniazid
The antimycobacterial drug belonging to first-line agents
Isoniazid
The antimycobacterial drug, belonging to second-line agents
PAS
The antimycobacterial drug, belonging to antibiotics
Rifampin
Mechanism of Izoniazid action is
Inhibition of mycolic acids synthesis
Mechanism of Rifampin action is
Inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Mechanism of Cycloserine action is
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Mechanism of Streptomycin action is
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Rifampin has the following unwanted effect
Flu-like syndrome, tubular necrosis
Isoniazid has following unwanted effect
Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy
Ethambutol has the following unwanted effect
Retrobulbar neuritis with red-green color blindness
Streptomycin has the following unwanted effect
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Mechanism of aminosalicylic acid action is
Inhibition of folate synthesis
The following agents are the first-line antimycobacterial drugs
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Streptomycin
The following antimycobacterial drugs have a bactericidal effect
- Streptomycin
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
Combined chemotherapy of tuberculosis is used to
Decrease mycobacterium drug-resistance
Antibacterial drug – a nitrofurane derivative
Nitrofurantoin
Antibacterial drug – a nitroimidazole derivative
Metronidazole
Antibacterial drug – a quinolone derivative
Nalidixic acid
Antibacterial drug – a fluoroquinolone derivative
Ciprofloxacin
The indications for nitrofuranes
Infections of urinary and gastro-intestinal tracts
The unwanted effects of nitrofuranes
- Nausea, vomiting
- Allergic reactions
- Hemolytic anemia
The indications for Metronidazole
Intra-abdominal infections, vaginitis, enterocolitis
The unwanted effects of Metronidazole
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis
The mechanism of fluoroquinolones’ action is
Inhibition of DNA gyrase
Fluoroquinolones are active against
Variety of Gram-negative and positive microorganisms, including Mycoplasmas and Chlamidiae
The unwanted effects of fluoroquinolones
Headache, dizziness, insomnia
The indications for fluoroquinolones
Infections of the urinary and respiratory tract, bacterial diarrhea
The drug of choice for syphilis treatment is
Penicillin
