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Pharmacology > AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Local anesthetics > Flashcards

AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Local anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Local anesthetics produce

A

Blocking pain sensation without loss of consciousness

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2
Q

A good local anesthetic agent shouldn’t cause

A

Fast onset and long duration of action

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3
Q

Most local anesthetic agents consist of

A
  • Lipophylic group (frequently an aromatic ring)
  • Intermediate chain (commonly including an ester or amide)
  • Amino group
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4
Q

Which one of the following groups is responsible for the duration of the local anesthetic action?

A

Intermediate chain

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5
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic agent, which has a shorter duration of action

A

Procaine

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6
Q

Which one of the following groups is responsible for the potency and the toxicity of local anesthetics?

A

Lipophylic group

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7
Q

Indicate the drug, which has greater potency of the local anesthetic action

A

Bupivacaine

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8
Q

Ionizable group is responsible for

A

The ability to diffuse to the site of action

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9
Q

Which one of the following local anesthetics is an ester of benzoic acid?

A

Cocaine

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10
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic, which is an ester of paraaminobenzoic acid

A

Procaine

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11
Q

Which of the following local anesthetics is an acetanilide derivative?

A

Lidocaine

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12
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic, which is a toluidine derivative

A

Prilocaine

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13
Q

Which of the following local anesthetics is a thiophene derivative?

A

Ultracaine

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14
Q

Local anesthetics are

A

Weak bases

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15
Q

For therapeutic application local anesthetics are usually made available as salts for the reasons of

A

More stability and greater water solubility

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is not correct for local anesthetics?

A

charged cationic form penetrates biologic membranes more readily than an uncharged form

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17
Q

Which of the following statements is correct for local anesthetics?

A
  • In a tissue they exist either as an uncharged base or as a cation
  • Local anesthetics are much less effective in inflamed tissues
  • Low ph in inflamed tissues decreases the dissociation of nonionized molecules
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18
Q

Which one of the following statements about the metabolism of local anesthetics is incorrect?

A

Metabolism of local anesthetics occurs at the site of administration

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19
Q

Which one of the following statements about the metabolism of local anesthetics is correct?

A
  • Metabolism occurs in the plasma or liver but not at the site of administration
  • Ester group of anesthetics like procaine, are metabolized systemically by pseudocholinesterase
  • Amides such as lidocaine, are metabolized in the liver by microsomal mixed function oxidases
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20
Q

Indicate the anesthetic agent of choice in patient with a liver disease

A

Procaine

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21
Q

Which of the following local anesthetics is preferable in patient with pseudocholinesterase deficiency?

A

Ropivacaine

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22
Q

The primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics is

A

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels

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23
Q

A local anesthetics that is water-soluble

A

Procaine

24
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic, which is more lipid-soluble

A

Bupivacaine

25
Q

The more lipophylic drugs

A
  • Are more potent
  • Have longer duration of action
  • Bind more extensively to proteins
26
Q

Which fibers is the first to be blocked?

A

B and C fibers

27
Q

The function, which the last to be blocked:

A

Motor function

28
Q

Which of the following fibers participates in high-frequency pain transmission?

A

Type A delta and C fibers

29
Q

Local anesthetics that is an useful antiarrhythmic agent?

A

Lidocaine

30
Q

Indicate the route of local anesthetic administration, which is associated with instillation within epidural or subarachnoid spaces

A

Spinal anesthesia

31
Q

The choice of a local anesthetic for specific procedures is usually based on

A
  • The duration of action
  • Water solubility
  • Capability of rapid penetration through the skin or mucosa with limited tendency to diffuse away from the site of application
32
Q

What anesthetics has a short-acting drug?

A

Procaine

33
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic, which is a long-acting agent

A

Bupivacaine

34
Q

The anesthetic effect of the agents of short and intermediate duration of action can not be prolonged by adding

A

Dopamine

35
Q

A vasoconstrictor does not

A

Reduce a local anesthetic uptake by the nerve

36
Q

A vasoconstrictor does

A
  • Retard the removal of drug from the injection site
  • Hence the chance of toxicity
  • Decrease the blood level
37
Q

Vasoconstrictors are less effective in prolonging anesthetic properties of

A

Bupivacaine

38
Q

Which of the following local anesthetics is only used for surface or topical anesthesia?

A

Cocaine

39
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic, which is mainly used for regional nerve block anesthesia

A

Bupivacaine

40
Q

Which local anesthetics is used for infiltrative and regional anesthesia?

A
  • Procaine
  • Lidocaine
  • Mepivacaine
41
Q

Indicate the local anesthetic, which is used for spinal anesthesia

A

Tetracaine

42
Q

Which local anesthetics is called a universal anesthetic?

A

Lidocaine

43
Q

Most serious toxic reaction to local anesthetics is

A
  • Seizures
  • Cardiovascular collapse
  • Respiratory failure
44
Q

Correct statements concerning cocaine include

A
  • Cocaine is often used for nose and throat procedures
  • Limited use because of abuse potential
  • Causes sympathetically mediated tachycardia and vasoconstriction
45
Q

Which local anesthetics is more cardiotoxic?

A

Bupivacaine

46
Q

Most local anesthetics can cause

A
  • Depression of abnormal cardiac pacemaker activity, excitability, conduction
  • Depression of the strength of cardiac contraction
  • Cardiovascular collapse
47
Q

Which local anesthetics causes methemoglobinemia?

A

Prilocaine

48
Q

Procaine has all of the following propertie

A
  • It has ester linkage
  • Its metabolic product can inhibit the action of sulfonamides
  • It is relatively short-acting
49
Q

Procaine has all of the following properties EXCEPT

A

It readily penetrates the skin and mucosa

50
Q

Correct statements concerning lidocaine include

A
  • It is an universal anesthetic
  • It widely used as an antiarrhythmic agent
  • It is metabolized in liver
51
Q

Correct statements concerning lidocaine include all of the following EXCEPT

A

It has esteratic linkage

52
Q

Which local anesthetics is more likely to cause allergic reactions?

A

Procaine

53
Q

Tetracaine has all of the following properties

A
  • Slow onset
  • Long duration
  • High toxicity
54
Q

Tetracaine has all of the following properties EXCEPT

A

Low potency

55
Q

Correct statements concerning bupivacaine include

A
  • It has amide linkage
  • It is a long-acting drug
  • An intravenous injection can lead to seizures
56
Q

Correct statements concerning bupivacaine include all of the following EXCEPT

A

It has low cardiotoxicity

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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