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Wrongs > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

order of sleep stages and waveforms

A 
awake- beta
awake (eyes closed)- alpha
non-rem:
  N1- theta
  N2- sleep spindles, K complexes
  N3- delta (sleep walking, night terrors, bed wet)
REM- beta
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2
Q

decreased mesocortical dopaminergic pathway

A

negative symptoms

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3
Q

increased mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway

A

positive symptoms

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4
Q

decreased nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway

A

extrapyrimadal symptoms

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5
Q

decreased tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic pathway

A

increased prolactin–> gynecomastia, galactorrhea, sex dysfunction, decreased libido

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6
Q

deep nuclei of cerebellum

A

(lateral to medial)
dentate, emboliform, globose fastigial

dont eat greasy food

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7
Q

input to cerebellum

A
  • contralateral cortex via middle cerebellar pedunce

- ipsilateral proprioceptive via inferior cerebellar peduncle

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8
Q

outputs from cerebellum

A

purkinje cells –> deep nuclei –> superior cerebellar peduncele –> contralateral cortex

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9
Q

stroke of middle cerebral artery

A

face and upper limb: contralateral paralysis and sensory loss

if dominant: aphasia
if nondominant: hemineglect

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10
Q

stroke of anterior cerebral artery

A

lower limb: contralateral paralysis and sensory loss

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11
Q

lacunar infarct of lenticulostriate artery

A

face and body: contralateral paralysis and sensory loss

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12
Q

stroke of anterior spinal artery

A

Medial medullary syndrome

  • contralateral paralysis
  • contralateral decreased proprioception
  • ipsilateral hypoglossal dys.
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13
Q

stroke of PICA

A

lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg)

  • vomit, vertigo, nystagumus
  • decreased pain/temp (ipsilateral face, contralateral body)
  • dysphagia, hoarse
  • decreased gag reflex
  • ipsilateral horners
  • ataxia, dysmetria
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14
Q

stroke of AICA

A

lateral pontine syndrome

  • vomit, vertigo, nystagmus
  • paralysis of face- decreased lacrimation, salivation, taste from anterior
  • decreased pain temp (ipsilateral face, contralateral body)
  • ataxia, dysmetria
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15
Q

stroke of basilar artery

A

locked in syndrome- conscious and can blink

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16
Q

stroke of posterior cerebral artery

A

contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

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17
Q

charcot-bouchard aneurysm

A

small vessels

from chronic hypertension

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18
Q

most common spot of berry aneurysm

A

junction of anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery

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19
Q

effects of anterior communicating artery rupture from aneurysm

A

SAH

bitemporal hemianopsia, visual acuity deficits

iscemia in ACA–> contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss in lower limb

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20
Q

effects of posterior communicating artery rupture from aneurysm

A

SAH

ipsilateral CN III palsy–> mydriasis, ptosis

21
Q

central post-stroke pain syndrome

A

initial paresthesias

then- allodynia (pain from painless stimuli), dysesthesia (unpleasant touch)

22
Q

causes of subdural hematomas

A
  • acute trauma
  • chronic cerebral atrophy- elderly, alcoholism
  • shaken babies
23
Q

causes of intraparenchymal hemorrhages

A
  • systemic hypertension
  • amyloid angiopathy
  • vasculitis
  • neoplasm
  • reperfusion injury
24
Q

what enzyme can be defected in ALS?

A

superoxide dismutase

25
Q

parinaud syndrome

A

lesion in superior colliculi (stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma)

paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze

26
Q

afferent and efferent of gag reflex

A

a- 9

e- 10

27
Q

afferent and efferent of lacrimation reflex

A

a- V1

e- 7

28
Q

uvula deviates which way in CN X lesion

A

away from lesion

29
Q

jaw deviates which way in CN V lesion

A

towards lesion

30
Q

CN XI lesion

A

contralateral SCN

ipsilateral trapezius

31
Q

tongue deviates which way in CN XII lesion

A

towards lesion (ipsilateral lesion)

32
Q

cavernous sinus syndrome

A

opthalmoplegia (CN VI most susceptible to injury)
decreased corneal sensation
Horner syndrome

causes: tumor mass effect, fistula, thrombosis

33
Q

where in cochlea is low frequency and where is high freq?

A

low: apex near helicotrema (wide and flexible)
high: base of cochlea (thin and rigid)

34
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia and its MOA

A

carbamazepine- reduces ability of Na channels to recover from inactivation

35
Q

NF-1 what type of inheritance

A

aut dom

36
Q

optimal site for femoral nerve blockade

A

inguinal crease

37
Q

fracture of orbital floor

A

parasthesia of upper lip, upper cheek, upper gingiva (damage to infraorbital nerve)

inferior rectus trapped- limits vertical gaze

38
Q

drugs to treat restless leg syndrome

A

dopamine agonists (ropinarole, pramipexole)

39
Q

MS diagnosis

A

high IgG with myelin basic protein in CSF

oligoclonal bands

MRI- gold standard- periventricular plaques
multiple white matter lesions separated in space and time

40
Q

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome- destroy schwann cells

ascending paralysis
autonomic dysregulation

41
Q

charcot-marie-tooth

A

hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy

collection of diseases- aut dom- defective protein in peripheral nerves/myelin

foot deformities, lower extremity weakness

42
Q

metachromatic leukodystrophy

A

aut rec LSD

arylsulfatase A deficiency

cant degrade myelin –>accumulates in lysosomes –> ataxia dementia

43
Q

pinealomas can cause…

A
  • parinaud
  • obstructive hydrocephalus
  • precocious puberty (bHCG)
44
Q

cingulate (subfalcine) herniation

A

under falx cerebri

compress anterior cerebral artery

45
Q

uncal herniation

A

compress ipsilateral CN III
ipsilateral PCA (contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing)
contralateral crus cerebri at Kernohan notch

46
Q

cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum

A

cardiopulm arrest in brain stem–> coma, death

47
Q

Sturge-Weber syndrome

A 
Sproadic port wine stain of face
Tram track calcifications
Unilateral
Retardation
Glaucoma
GNAQ mutation
Epilepsy

(STURGE)

anomaly of neural crest derivatives

48
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A 
Hamartomas in CNS
Angiofibromas
Mitral regurg
Ash leaf spots
Rhabdomyoma
TUberous sclerosis
aut dOm
Mental retardation
renal Angiomylipoma
Seizure
Shagreen patches

(HAMARTOMAS)

Wrongs (36 decks)

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