5/15 Flashcards
opioid analgesics tx of right upper abdominal pain
contract smooth muscle in sphincter of oddi –> increased pressure in common bile duct and gall bladder
necrotizing enterocolitis
common GI emergency of newborn
bacterial invasion and ischemic necrosis of bowel wall-
x-ray shows pneumatosis intestinalis (air in bowel wall)
associated with prematurity
ecological study
uses POPULATION data
T-tubules function
uniform depolarization- synchronized contractions
location of femoral hernia
inferior to inguinal ligament
medial to femoral vein, lateral to pubic tubercle
which sinuses fill with blow to the eye?
orbital floor–> maxillary sinus
medial wall–> ethmoidal sinus
lateral ankle sprain due to…
inversion of plantar flexed foot–> anterior talofibular ligament
what does haemophilus need to grow
factor V (NAD+) and factor 10 (hematin)
majority of drug OD deaths caused by…
opioids (heroin, pain analgesics)
transpeptidase
PBP that cross-links peptidoglycan into bacterial cell wall
target of ceftriaxone
phentolamine vs phenoxybenzamine
both alpha antagonists
phentolamine- reversible
phenoxybenzamine- irreversible
what do you screen for in dipstick for early-stage diabetic nephropathy
albumin levels
how to treat open angle glaucoma
diminish aqueous humor production by ciliary epithelium- beta blockers (timolol), acetozolamide
increase outflow of aqueous humor- prostaglandin F2alpha, cholinomimetics
vit c def/ascorbic acid deficiency
gingivitis perifollicular hemorrhages myalgia subperiosteal hematomas petechiae impaired wound healing weak immune response
food poisoning by pufferfish
produce tetrodotoxin- binds voltage gated Na channels in nerves and cardiac tissue, preventing depolarization
dizzy, weak, paresthesia, diarrhea, N/V
heteroplasmy
coexistence of different versions of mitochondrial genomes in individual cell
contracture
during wound healing- excess matrix metalloproteinases and myofibroblasts accumulate in wound margins
produce deformities of wound
1st and 2nd most common bacteria of hemotogenous osetomyelities
1) staph aureus
2) strep pyogenes
common causes of osteonecrosis
- alcoholism
- glucocorticoids
- sickle cell disease
- vasculitis
Alkaptonuria
benign childhood disorder–> severe arthritis in adulthood
aut rec- homogentistic acid dioxygenase deficiency- cant metabolize tyrosine
pigment deposits in connective tissue (eg. blue-black in sclera and ear cartilage; in joints causing ankylosis; black urine)
locations of hematogenous osteomyelitis in adults vs kids
kids- metaphysis of long bones
aults- vertebral body
serum sickness
circulating immune complexes
fever, pruritic rash, arthralgias,
fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophil infiltrate
drugs that increase risk for osteoporotic fractures
PPIs Glucocorticoids unfractionated heparins anticonvulsants that increase cyp450 (phenoarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine) aromatase inhibitors, GnRH agonists
which arteries do polyarteritis nodosa spare
pulmonary and bronchial artery
which arteries that branch to splenic artery are prone to ischemia
short gastric arteries due to poor anastamoses
lesion in what would give contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and a defect in pupillary light reflex
optic tract
why cant EBV and CMV be treated as well with acyclovir?
dont produce the same thymidine kinase as herpes to phosphorylate the guanosine analog
bluish neoplasms under nail bed
- subungual melanoma
- glomus tumor- neurovascular thermoregulation
