5/15

Question 1

opioid analgesics tx of right upper abdominal pain

Answer 1

contract smooth muscle in sphincter of oddi –> increased pressure in common bile duct and gall bladder

Question 2

necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 2

common GI emergency of newborn

bacterial invasion and ischemic necrosis of bowel wall-

x-ray shows pneumatosis intestinalis (air in bowel wall)

associated with prematurity

Question 3

ecological study

Answer 3

uses POPULATION data

Question 4

T-tubules function

Answer 4

uniform depolarization- synchronized contractions

Question 5

location of femoral hernia

Answer 5

inferior to inguinal ligament

medial to femoral vein, lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 6

which sinuses fill with blow to the eye?

Answer 6

orbital floor–> maxillary sinus

medial wall–> ethmoidal sinus

Question 7

lateral ankle sprain due to…

Answer 7

inversion of plantar flexed foot–> anterior talofibular ligament

Question 8

what does haemophilus need to grow

Answer 8

factor V (NAD+) and factor 10 (hematin)

Question 9

majority of drug OD deaths caused by…

Answer 9

opioids (heroin, pain analgesics)

Question 10

transpeptidase

Answer 10

PBP that cross-links peptidoglycan into bacterial cell wall

target of ceftriaxone

Question 11

phentolamine vs phenoxybenzamine

Answer 11

both alpha antagonists

phentolamine- reversible

phenoxybenzamine- irreversible

Question 12

what do you screen for in dipstick for early-stage diabetic nephropathy

Answer 12

albumin levels

Question 13

how to treat open angle glaucoma

Answer 13

diminish aqueous humor production by ciliary epithelium- beta blockers (timolol), acetozolamide

increase outflow of aqueous humor- prostaglandin F2alpha, cholinomimetics

Question 14

vit c def/ascorbic acid deficiency

Answer 14

gingivitis
perifollicular hemorrhages
myalgia
subperiosteal hematomas
petechiae
impaired wound healing
weak immune response

Question 15

food poisoning by pufferfish

Answer 15

produce tetrodotoxin- binds voltage gated Na channels in nerves and cardiac tissue, preventing depolarization

dizzy, weak, paresthesia, diarrhea, N/V

Question 16

heteroplasmy

Answer 16

coexistence of different versions of mitochondrial genomes in individual cell

Question 17

contracture

Answer 17

during wound healing- excess matrix metalloproteinases and myofibroblasts accumulate in wound margins

produce deformities of wound

Question 18

1st and 2nd most common bacteria of hemotogenous osetomyelities

Answer 18

1) staph aureus

2) strep pyogenes

Question 19

common causes of osteonecrosis

Answer 19

• alcoholism
• glucocorticoids
• sickle cell disease
• vasculitis

Question 20

Alkaptonuria

Answer 20

benign childhood disorder–> severe arthritis in adulthood

aut rec- homogentistic acid dioxygenase deficiency- cant metabolize tyrosine

pigment deposits in connective tissue (eg. blue-black in sclera and ear cartilage; in joints causing ankylosis; black urine)

Question 21

locations of hematogenous osteomyelitis in adults vs kids

Answer 21

kids- metaphysis of long bones

aults- vertebral body

Question 22

serum sickness

Answer 22

circulating immune complexes

fever, pruritic rash, arthralgias,

fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophil infiltrate

Question 23

drugs that increase risk for osteoporotic fractures

Answer 23

PPIs
Glucocorticoids
unfractionated heparins
anticonvulsants that increase cyp450 (phenoarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine)
aromatase inhibitors, GnRH agonists

Question 24

which arteries do polyarteritis nodosa spare

Answer 24

pulmonary and bronchial artery

Question 25

which arteries that branch to splenic artery are prone to ischemia

Answer 25

short gastric arteries due to poor anastamoses

Question 26

lesion in what would give contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and a defect in pupillary light reflex

Answer 26

optic tract

Question 27

why cant EBV and CMV be treated as well with acyclovir?

Answer 27

dont produce the same thymidine kinase as herpes to phosphorylate the guanosine analog

Question 28

bluish neoplasms under nail bed

Answer 28

• subungual melanoma

- glomus tumor- neurovascular thermoregulation