5/13

Question 1

septic abortion

Answer 1

retained products of conception in uterus

usually staph aureus and gram neg bacilli

Question 2

where is proinsulin cleaved to insulin and c-peptide

Answer 2

secretory granules in golgi

Question 3

treatment for essential tremor

Answer 3

beta blocker

Question 4

failed lateral fusion of paramesonephric ducts

Answer 4

• bicorunate uterus
• indentation of center of fundus of uterus
• recurrent pregnancy loss

Question 5

Hashimotos patholgy

Answer 5

mononuclear infiltrate- lymphoctes, plasma cells
germinal centers
residual cells surrounded by hurthle cells

Question 6

why does hypoxemia develop with PE?

Answer 6

ventilation/perfusion mismatch

Question 7

what do you incise in midline episiotomy?

Answer 7

posterior vagina to perineal area

Question 8

stimulus control therapy for insomnia

Answer 8

• only use bed for sleep, sex
• go to bed only when sleepy
• leave bedroom if cant sleep
• fixed wake up times

Question 9

protein A of staph aureus

Answer 9

binds to Fc region of IgG and prevents complement activation, opsonization, and phagocytosis

Question 10

cocaine withdrawal

Answer 10

acute depression- "crash"
fatigue
vivid dreams
hypersomnia
hyperphagia

Question 11

acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency

Answer 11

primary carnitine deficiency (MCAD)

hypoketotic hypoglycemia
muscle weakness
cardiomyopathy
elevated TGs

Question 12

where is lesion if CN 7 and 8 are affected?

Answer 12

cerebellopontine angle (acoustic schwannomas)

Question 13

secondary lactase deficiency can occur from

Answer 13

infection (giardia)
inflammatory disease (celiac)

Question 14

pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 14

common complication of acute pancreatitis

walls of granulation tissue and fibrosis (not lined by epithelium)

collects enzymes and debris

Question 15

why is oxygen conc lower in LA, LV than pulmonary capillaries?

Answer 15

mixing of oxygenated blood of pulm veins with deoxygenated from the bronchial circulation and thebesian veins

Question 16

what happens when you combine beta blocker and non-dihydro CCB?

Answer 16

bradycardia, hypotension

Question 17

CF treatments

Answer 17

Lumacaftor, Ivacaftor

restore CFTR proteins to the membrane and restore its function

for people with F508 mutations

Question 18

screening of surfactant

Answer 18

lecithin (phosphatidylcholine): sphingomyelin > 2

sphingomyelin stays the same
lecithin rises after 26 weeks to make surfactant

Question 19

cheyne-strokes breathing seen in…

Answer 19

congestive heart failure

Question 20

type II pneumocyte functions

Answer 20

1) make surfactant

2) regenerate alveoli lining following injury

Question 21

stimulation of what nerve can help obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 21

hypoglossal nerve

increases diameter of oropharyngeal airway

Question 22

obstructive sleep apnea can lead to

Answer 22

pulm HTN and right sided HF

Question 23

mycobacteria TB’s cord factor

Answer 23

–> ropelike cords in serpentine pattern

needed for virulence of disease

inactivates neutrophils, damages mitochondria, induces TNFalpha

Question 24

alveolar hyperventilation

Answer 24

result from ventilation/perfusion mismatch-

impaired O2/ CO2 exchange –> decreased O2 –> hyperventilation –> decreased CO2

but hypoxemia persists because oxygenated areas cant compensate anymore for deoxygenated areas –> bigger Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient

Question 25

when is pulmonary vascular resistance the lowest?

Answer 25

at FRC- right at the bottom of TV

because both extremes are going to have increased resistance