5/17 Flashcards
which layer has the parietal cells in the stomach
upper glandular layer
triptans MOA
serotonin 5HT IB and ID agonists
which murmur increases with inspiration
tricuspid regurgitation
how does desmopressin help bleeding
increases factor VIII and vWF
thamine used for which enzymes
- pyruvate dehdrogenase
- alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- transketolase (PPP)
- branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase
involuntary head bobbing a sign of…
widened pulse pressure
which cancer associated with “dry tap” (unsuccessful bone marrow aspiration)
hairy cell leukemia (bm fibrosis)
what would parortid tumor compress
CN VII
how does crohns lead to oxalate stones
impaired bile absorption in ileum–> fat malabsorption –> calcium binds lipids instead of oxalate–> free oxalate gets absorbed and excreted renally
liver function tests
- albumin
- bilirubin
- PT
reflects prognosis in cirrhosis
cleft lip develops from…
when the maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the intermaxillary segment during 5-6th week of development
whats a serious complication of the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis
hypokalemia due to high volume diuresis
conjugate vaccine
polysaccharide vaccine conjugated to protein so infants (that cant yet do humoral response) can develop robust T cell response
most abundant amino acid in collagen
glycine (every 3rd aa)
why are gallstones prevalent in pregnancy
estrogen upregulates HMG-CoA reducatase–> cholesterol synthesis
progesterone slows gallbladder empyting
most susceptible parts to hypoxia in nephron
PT and TAL in medulla
biochem pathways in mitochondria
beta oxidation
CAC
carboxylation of pyruvate (for gluconeo)
biochem pathways in cytosol
glycolysis
PPP
fatty acid synthesis
most likely cause of death in CF
pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cor pulmonale
meconium ileus presentation
distal small bowel obstruction (green mass in ileum)
bilous emesis
leads to CF
nerve that is risk of injury in thyroidectomy and the muscle it innervates
superior layngeal nerve- stimulates cricothyroid
where is K mostly reabsorbed in nephron
proximal tubule, then TAL, then secreted in DT
most common spot for nose bleed
nasal septum (kiesselbach plexus)
severe dangerous nosebleeds that cant be treated with cautery come from where
posterior
which two places are innervated by sympathetic cholinergic neurons
sweat eccrine glands
adrenal medulla
most common cause of death by TCA ODs
cardiac arrhythmia (inhibit fast Na channels in cardiac myocytes)
which disease has pectus excavatum
marfans
associated cancers with TP53
sarcomas breast cancer brain tumors leukemia adrenocortical carcinoma
dopamine at high doses vs low doses
low dose- D1- increased renal blood flow and GFR
high dose- beta 1 (contractility),
even higher dose- alpha 1 (vasocontriction)
