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Wrongs > 5/9 > Flashcards

5/9 Flashcards

1
Q

lead antidotes

A

adult: dimercaprol, EDTA
kid: succimer

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2
Q

meds that lead to increased falls

A 
antipsychotics
antidepressants
benzos
CCB
NSAIDS
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3
Q

relative risk > 1 and <1 means what?

A

> 1- there is an association of exposure with increased risk of disease

<1- association of exposure with decreased risk of disease

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4
Q

pramipexole MOA and Rx

A

Parkisons

dopamine agonist

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5
Q

Barr body

A

inactivated x-chromosome into heterochromatin (heavily methylated DNA and HDAC)

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6
Q

xeroderma pigmentosum

A

aut rec defect in nucleotide excision repair

UV causes thymidine dimers which are then normally excised by endonucleases

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7
Q

can you get hallucinations in narcolepsy?

A

yes

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8
Q

most common cardiac defects in Downs

A

ASD, VSD (atrioventricular canal defects)

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9
Q

most common cardiac defects in DiGeorge’s

A

tetralogy of fallot
truncus arteriosus
transposition of great vessels

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10
Q

postexposure prophylaxis of rabies

A

rabbies Ig and inactivated vaccination

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11
Q

what surgery can accidentally cut the long thoracic nerve?

A

dissection of the axillary lymph nodes

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12
Q

which enzyme activates trypsinogen—>trypsin at duodenal brush border

A

enteropeptidase

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13
Q

what is the most sensitive screening test for hypothyrodism

A

serum TSH

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14
Q

incretins

A

hormones by gut mucosa that stimulate pancreatic insulin production in response to sugar meal (ingested orally, not IV)

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15
Q

serious tx of nitroprusside

A

cyanide poisoning- binds Fe3+ to cyt c oxidase, inhibitng electron transport chain

altered mentally, seizures, CV collapse, lactic acidosis, bright red venous blood

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16
Q

3 strategies of antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

1) hydroxycobalamin- direct binding of cyanide ions
2) sodium nitrite- induce methemoglobinemia
3) sodium thiosulfate- detoxifying sulfur

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17
Q

what’s anatomical landmark for lumbar puncture

A

iliac crest to get in the spinal cord around L3-5

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18
Q

most common way of getting bacillus anthracis

A

working with livestock- sheep!

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19
Q

peroxisomal diseases

A

peroxisomes absent/nonfunctional

long chain fatty acids cant undergo mitochondrial oxidation - beta or alpha

lead to neuro effects- improper CNS myelination

two types- Zellweger, Refsum

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20
Q

prussian blue staining detects

A

intracellular iron

–> hemosiderin laden macrophages

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21
Q

orotic acid

A

aut rec UMP synthase defect

cant covert orotic acid to UMP (pyrimidine synthesis)

FTT, developmental delay, megaloblastic anemia

22
Q

diamond-Blackfan anemia

A

defect in erythroid progenitor cells

rapid onsent macrocytic anemia, high HbF

short, craniofacial abnormalities

23
Q

cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

IgM attacks RBCs– anemia triggered by cold

associated with ALL, Mono, mycoplasma pneumoniae

24
Q

warm agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

IgG attacks RBCs

seen with CLL, SLE, drugs (methyldopa)

25
Q

Extravascular hemolysis normocytic anemias

A 
Hereditary spherocytosis
Pyruvate kinase def
HbC disease
Sickle Cell
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia- IgG
26
Q

Intravascular hemolysis normocytic anemias

A 
G6PD def
PNH
some sickle cell
microangiopathyic anemia
infections
27
Q

RNA pol I function

A

make ribosomes in the nucleolus

28
Q

alk phos levels in CML vs leukemoid reaction

A

alk phos decreased in CML

normal/increased in leukemoid reaction

29
Q

oxygen values in methemoglobinemia (Fe3+) and cause

A

nitrites poisoning (fe2–>fe3+ which cannot carry oxygen)

total O2 content decreased
%saturation decreased
oxygen carrying capacity decreased

partial pressure of oxygen in blood same!

30
Q

which cytokine causes symptoms of cachexia (anorexia, malasie, weight loss, wasting)

A

TNFalpha

31
Q

PD-1

A

programmed death receptor- expressed on T cells

once bind to PD-L1, signals to inhibit cytotoxic T cells

cancer up regulates this to evade immune system

anti-PD1 therapy used so T cells can fight

32
Q

conditons that induce sickling in sickle cell anemia

A

low O2
high altitude
acidosis

33
Q

RNA interference

A

short non-coding RNA sequences induce posttranscriptional gene silencing

miRNA or siRNA

in the cytoplasm after transcription: 1) cleaved by a dicer, 2)incorporated into RISC 3)complementary binds mRNA 4)degradation or translational repression

34
Q

atropine Rx

A

bradycardia

35
Q

elastin formation

A

1) large polypeptide precursor of nonpolar amino acids and proline and lysine

2 interacts with fibrillin in ECM

3) lysyl oxidase deaminates some lysine residues–> desmosine cross links

36
Q

oocytes arrested before fertilization

A

secondary oocytes- metaphase of Meiosis II

37
Q

oocytes arrested before ovulation

A

primary oocytes- prophase meiosis I

38
Q

umbilical hernia

A

incomplete closure of umbilical ring–> defect in linea alba –> protrude bowel through abdomen

39
Q

how many months can patients have viable sperm after a vasectomy

A

3 months

40
Q

negatively skewed- order mean, median, mode

A

mode>median>mean

41
Q

positively skewed- order mean, median, mode

A

mean>median>mode

42
Q

how are carcinogens that enter the body activated?

A

CYP p450 system- microsomal monooxygenase

43
Q

prepatellar bursitis

A

due to repetitive kneeling

bursa forms between patella and skin to alleviate pressure

44
Q

spinda bifida is what type of inheritance?

A

multifactorial

45
Q

genes involved in the advancement of colon adenocarcinoma

A

1) APC –> hyperproliferative epithelium
2) KRAS –> adenoma
3) TP53–> adenocarcinoma

46
Q

Atenolol MOA

A

selective B1 antagonist (Gs)

decreases cAMP in cardiac and renal tissue (not vascular smooth muscle)

47
Q

porcelain gallbladder

A

found incidentally- rim of calcium outlining gallbladder

associated with chronic cholecystitis

can increase risk for gallbladder cancer

48
Q

acalculous cholecystitis

A

acute inflamm of gallbladdder without gallstones

in critically ill patients- sepsis, burns, trauma

fever, RUQ pain, leukocytosis

49
Q

what structure divides direct and indirect inguinal herians

A

epigastric vessel

indirect- lateral- processus vaginals fails

direct- medial- Hesselbachs triangle

50
Q

why some vaccines given with tetanus toxoid?

A

protein induces T-cell mediated response

Wrongs (36 decks)

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