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Wrongs > 5/26-5/29 > Flashcards

5/26-5/29 Flashcards

1
Q

mitocondria chromosome shape

A

circular

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2
Q

buerger’s disease

A

small-medium sized vasculitis

segmental thrombosing

extends to veins and nerves

smokers, Japan, Israel, India

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3
Q

cephalosporin-resistant organisms

A

listeria

MRSA

Enterococci

Atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia)

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4
Q

what age group do celiac people get dermatitis herpetiformis

A

40s-50s

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5
Q

treatments for Conn syndrome

A

(hyperaldosteronism)

aldosterone antagonists- spironolactone, epleronone

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6
Q

treatment for sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea- increases HbF

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7
Q

arsenic poisoning symptoms

A

garlic breath
vomit, diarrhea
QT prolonged

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8
Q

arsenic poisoning MOA

A

binds to sulfhydryl groups–> inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase –> impair cell respiration

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9
Q

arsenic poisoning antidote

A

dimercaprol- increases excretion of heavy metals

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10
Q

antidote for iron overload

A

deferoxamine

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11
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

hydroxycobalamin (vit B12 precursor)

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12
Q

flank pain, hematuria, and varicoceles suggest

A

renal vein thrombosis (nephrotic syndrome)

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13
Q

thyroid hormones use what type of receptor

A

intracellular receptor (like steroids)- directly act as their own txn factors

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14
Q

diabetic mononeuropathy caused by

A

ischemic damage

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15
Q

period acid schiff highlights…

A
  • polysacchardies of fungal cell wall
  • muscosubstances secreted by epithelia
  • basement membranes

eg. glycoprotein in tropheryma whipplei

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16
Q

which virus has similar phopholipid surface to host cell?

A

herpes family has envelope that they acquire from host

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17
Q

why does appendicitis irritate umbilical area

A

afferent fibers from superior mesenteric plexus enter spinal cord at T10

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18
Q

mcburney point

A

as appendicitis becomes more inflamed, irritating parietal peritoneum, shifting irritation from umbilicus to mcburney point (2/3 distance from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)- somatic pain

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19
Q

signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma

A

fatigue
constipation
bone nain

elevated serum protein
renal failure- bence jones protein

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20
Q

what happens when you administer high rates of O2 to someone with COPD?

A

oxygen-induced hypercapnia – confusion, decreased consciousness

reverse hypoxia-induced pulmvasoconstriction –> increase physiological dead space

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21
Q

how does oxygen toxicity present from reactive oxygen species

A

substernal heaviness
pleuritic chest pain
cough/SOB

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22
Q

how does sarcoiodosis make hypercalcemia

A

activated macrophages form 1,25vit D in lung and lymph nodes

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23
Q

CAAT

A

promoter sequence, just like TATA

24
Q

where in body is the most deoxygenated blood

A

coronary sinus- extraction is high!

25
Q

which nucleus in hypothalamus controls satiety and which one controls hunger

A

satiety- ventromedial (makes you grow medially)

hunger- lateral (makes you grow laterally)

26
Q

which nucleus in hypothalamus controls heat dissipation and which one heat conservation

A

heat dissipation- anterior

conservation- posterior

27
Q

treatments for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

dantrolene- antagonize Ryr receptos –> inhibit Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum –> relaxant

bromocriptine- dopamine agonist

28
Q

OTC deficiency vs UMP synthetase deficiency in terms of labs and symptoms

A

both lead to elevated orotic acid

but OTC–> hyperammonemia
and UMP syn doesnt

OTC–> vomiting, tachypnea, coma
UMPS–> megaloblastic anemia, delayed growth

29
Q

labs indicative of alcohol toxicity

A

AST > ALT

gamma-glutamyltransferase

30
Q

treatment for amphetamines toxicity

A

benzos

31
Q

treatment for cocaine toxicity

A

alpha blockers and benzos

NOT BETA BLOCKERS

32
Q

conversion disorder

A

loss of sensory or motor function, often after acute stressor

patient aware but indifferent

33
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

preoccupation with having serious illness

34
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false belief of being pregnant

35
Q

malingering

A

patient consciously fakes disorder to attain secondary gain

complains cease after gain

36
Q

how many words should you have by age 2

A

50-200, 2 word phrases

37
Q

alcohol abstinence drugs and MOA

A

naltrexone- 1st line to reduce craving- mu antagonist

disulfiram- inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

acamprosate- modulates glutamate at NMDA rec

38
Q

strongest risk factor for suicide

A

previous attempt

39
Q

buspirone MOA and Rx

A

Rx- generalized anxiety

MOA: partial agonist of 5HT1A rec- slow onset!

40
Q

internal laryngeal nerve

A

afferent limb of cough reflex

in pyriform recess (where food can get stuck)

41
Q

levodopa on off phenomenon

A

fluctuations in motor function because progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration leads to decreased therapeutic window

unpredictable

42
Q

after how many hours of fasting is glycogenolysis the primary source of glucose

A

12-18 hours

then gluconeogenesis

43
Q

how does arteriovenous shunt affect CO forces?

A

decrease afterload, increase preload

–> high output cardiac failure

44
Q

Isoniazid MOA

A

inhibit mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria cell wall

45
Q

small intestinal bacteria overgrowth leads to an increase in which vitamins

A

K and folate

46
Q

cholesterol gallstone composition ratio

A

high cholesterol
low bile acids
low phosphatidylcholine

47
Q

which receptor type for ANP and BNP

A

GC–> cGMP

48
Q

dystrophin function

A

stabilizes sarcolemma to intracellular contraction apparatus

49
Q

how does corneybacterium diptheria acquire its toxin?

A

bacteriphage

50
Q

how does ecoli acquire fimbrae?

A

conjugation

51
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration

due to volume-restricted RV unable to accomodate inspiratory increase in VR in constrictive pericarditis

52
Q

BRCA codes for what?

A

DNA repair

53
Q

thicker RV wall than LV wall, think…

A

pulmonary hypertension

54
Q

which neuropeptides decreased in CSF in narcolepsy

A

hypocretin 1 (orexin-A) and hypocretin 2 (orexin-B)

55
Q

HIV associated dementia pathology

A

microglial nodules –> necrosis –> multinucleated giant cells

Wrongs (36 decks)

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