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Wrongs > 5/26-5/29 > Flashcards

5/26-5/29 Flashcards

1
Q

mitocondria chromosome shape

A

circular

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2
Q

buerger’s disease

A

small-medium sized vasculitis

segmental thrombosing

extends to veins and nerves

smokers, Japan, Israel, India

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3
Q

cephalosporin-resistant organisms

A

listeria

MRSA

Enterococci

Atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia)

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4
Q

what age group do celiac people get dermatitis herpetiformis

A

40s-50s

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5
Q

treatments for Conn syndrome

A

(hyperaldosteronism)

aldosterone antagonists- spironolactone, epleronone

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6
Q

treatment for sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea- increases HbF

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7
Q

arsenic poisoning symptoms

A

garlic breath
vomit, diarrhea
QT prolonged

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8
Q

arsenic poisoning MOA

A

binds to sulfhydryl groups–> inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase –> impair cell respiration

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9
Q

arsenic poisoning antidote

A

dimercaprol- increases excretion of heavy metals

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10
Q

antidote for iron overload

A

deferoxamine

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11
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

hydroxycobalamin (vit B12 precursor)

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12
Q

flank pain, hematuria, and varicoceles suggest

A

renal vein thrombosis (nephrotic syndrome)

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13
Q

thyroid hormones use what type of receptor

A

intracellular receptor (like steroids)- directly act as their own txn factors

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14
Q

diabetic mononeuropathy caused by

A

ischemic damage

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15
Q

period acid schiff highlights…

A
  • polysacchardies of fungal cell wall
  • muscosubstances secreted by epithelia
  • basement membranes

eg. glycoprotein in tropheryma whipplei

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16
Q

which virus has similar phopholipid surface to host cell?

A

herpes family has envelope that they acquire from host

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17
Q

why does appendicitis irritate umbilical area

A

afferent fibers from superior mesenteric plexus enter spinal cord at T10

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18
Q

mcburney point

A

as appendicitis becomes more inflamed, irritating parietal peritoneum, shifting irritation from umbilicus to mcburney point (2/3 distance from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)- somatic pain

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19
Q

signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma

A

fatigue
constipation
bone nain

elevated serum protein
renal failure- bence jones protein

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20
Q

what happens when you administer high rates of O2 to someone with COPD?

A

oxygen-induced hypercapnia – confusion, decreased consciousness

reverse hypoxia-induced pulmvasoconstriction –> increase physiological dead space

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21
Q

how does oxygen toxicity present from reactive oxygen species

A

substernal heaviness
pleuritic chest pain
cough/SOB

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22
Q

how does sarcoiodosis make hypercalcemia

A

activated macrophages form 1,25vit D in lung and lymph nodes

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23
Q

CAAT

A

promoter sequence, just like TATA

24
Q

where in body is the most deoxygenated blood

A

coronary sinus- extraction is high!

25
which nucleus in hypothalamus controls satiety and which one controls hunger
satiety- ventromedial (makes you grow medially) hunger- lateral (makes you grow laterally)
26
which nucleus in hypothalamus controls heat dissipation and which one heat conservation
heat dissipation- anterior conservation- posterior
27
treatments for neuroleptic malignant syndrome
dantrolene- antagonize Ryr receptos --> inhibit Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum --> relaxant bromocriptine- dopamine agonist
28
OTC deficiency vs UMP synthetase deficiency in terms of labs and symptoms
both lead to elevated orotic acid but OTC--> hyperammonemia and UMP syn doesnt OTC--> vomiting, tachypnea, coma UMPS--> megaloblastic anemia, delayed growth
29
labs indicative of alcohol toxicity
AST > ALT gamma-glutamyltransferase
30
treatment for amphetamines toxicity
benzos
31
treatment for cocaine toxicity
alpha blockers and benzos NOT BETA BLOCKERS
32
conversion disorder
loss of sensory or motor function, often after acute stressor patient aware but indifferent
33
illness anxiety disorder
preoccupation with having serious illness
34
pseudocyesis
false belief of being pregnant
35
malingering
patient consciously fakes disorder to attain secondary gain complains cease after gain
36
how many words should you have by age 2
50-200, 2 word phrases
37
alcohol abstinence drugs and MOA
naltrexone- 1st line to reduce craving- mu antagonist disulfiram- inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase acamprosate- modulates glutamate at NMDA rec
38
strongest risk factor for suicide
previous attempt
39
buspirone MOA and Rx
Rx- generalized anxiety MOA: partial agonist of 5HT1A rec- slow onset!
40
internal laryngeal nerve
afferent limb of cough reflex in pyriform recess (where food can get stuck)
41
levodopa on off phenomenon
fluctuations in motor function because progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration leads to decreased therapeutic window unpredictable
42
after how many hours of fasting is glycogenolysis the primary source of glucose
12-18 hours then gluconeogenesis
43
how does arteriovenous shunt affect CO forces?
decrease afterload, increase preload --> high output cardiac failure
44
Isoniazid MOA
inhibit mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria cell wall
45
small intestinal bacteria overgrowth leads to an increase in which vitamins
K and folate
46
cholesterol gallstone composition ratio
high cholesterol low bile acids low phosphatidylcholine
47
which receptor type for ANP and BNP
GC--> cGMP
48
dystrophin function
stabilizes sarcolemma to intracellular contraction apparatus
49
how does corneybacterium diptheria acquire its toxin?
bacteriphage
50
how does ecoli acquire fimbrae?
conjugation
51
Kussmaul sign
paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration due to volume-restricted RV unable to accomodate inspiratory increase in VR in constrictive pericarditis
52
BRCA codes for what?
DNA repair
53
thicker RV wall than LV wall, think...
pulmonary hypertension
54
which neuropeptides decreased in CSF in narcolepsy
hypocretin 1 (orexin-A) and hypocretin 2 (orexin-B)
55
HIV associated dementia pathology
microglial nodules --> necrosis --> multinucleated giant cells

Wrongs (36 decks)

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