5/31 Flashcards

1
Q

inducers of IgE independent vs IgE dependent mast cell degranulation

A

independent: meds- opioids, radiocontrast agents, some antibiotics – (activate PKA and PI3)
dependent: environmental exposures, some meds (beta lactams, sulfa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are central vs peripheral chemoreceptors located

A

central- medulla

peripheral- carotid and aortic bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do you diagnose mucor

A

mucosa biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which cholesterol drug leads to hypertriglyceridemia

A

bile acid-binding resisns- cholestyramine, colesevalam, colestipol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which part of spine does RA affect?

A

cervical spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

livedo reticularis a sign of…

A

sign of embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which part of brain has nuclei to control pupil dilation?

A

midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the greatest colonization of H pylori

A

antrum of stomach (prepyloric)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is increased in COPD

A

FRC and RV

emphysema specifically- pulm compliance and TLC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peripheral neuropathy mechanisms in diabetes

A
  1. non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins –> increased thickness and hyalinzation and narrowing of arterial walls –> ischemia
  2. hyperglycemia –> glucose converted to sorbitol and fructose by aldolase reductase –> water influx –> osmotic damage to axons and Schwann cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when is GTP synthesized in Krebs cycle

A

succinyl CoA –> succinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ivabradine MOA

A

slows heart rate by inhibiting funny current sodium channels –> prolong slow phase 4 depolarization

has no effect on contractility or relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

common adverse effect using fibrinolytics in MI

A

hemorrhage (GI, intracerebral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do intimal tears happen in Stanford type A dissection versus type B?

A

A- ascending aorta- sinotubular junction

B- descending aorta- near left subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

staph epidermidis virulence mechanism

A

biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which type of ovarian cancer associated with CA-125

A

epithelial

17
Q

which type of ALL can cause mediatinal compression (SVC syndrome and dysphagia)

A

T cell type

18
Q

posterior urethral valves

A

presents with bilateral hydronephrosis and calyceal dilatation due to obstruction

only in male (wolffian duct malformation)

19
Q

what diseases are clubbing associated with?

A

lung: lung cancer, TB, CF, bronchiectasis, pulm HTN, empyema, …

Heart: cyanotic congenital heart diseases (esp. Tetralogy), bacterial endocarditis

IBD, malabsorption

hyperthyroidism

20
Q

parvovirus b19 presentation in adults

A

arthritis (PIP, metacarpals, knee, ankles)

21
Q

absolute contraindications to OCPs

A
  • pregnant
  • women over 35 who smoke
  • liver disease
  • estrogen-dep tumor
  • hypertriglyceridemia
  • prior thromboembolic event
22
Q

infiltration of plasma cells in bm, think…

A

multiple myeloma

23
Q

whats a poor prognosis factor for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

adult onset

24
Q

are there normal arteriopulm blood gases in obstructive sleep apnea

A

yes

25
Q

lipofuscin is a product of…

A

lipid peroxidation and free radicals

26
Q

alkoptonuria blocks which process

A

tyrosine metabolism to fumarate in TCA

homogentistic acid dioxygenase

27
Q

Zollinger-Ellison symptoms

A

(gastrinoma)

–> peptic ulcers (beyond duodenum)

–> abdominal pain/reflux

–> diarrhea