5/31 Flashcards
inducers of IgE independent vs IgE dependent mast cell degranulation
independent: meds- opioids, radiocontrast agents, some antibiotics – (activate PKA and PI3)
dependent: environmental exposures, some meds (beta lactams, sulfa)
where are central vs peripheral chemoreceptors located
central- medulla
peripheral- carotid and aortic bodies
how do you diagnose mucor
mucosa biopsy
which cholesterol drug leads to hypertriglyceridemia
bile acid-binding resisns- cholestyramine, colesevalam, colestipol
which part of spine does RA affect?
cervical spine
livedo reticularis a sign of…
sign of embolism
which part of brain has nuclei to control pupil dilation?
midbrain
where is the greatest colonization of H pylori
antrum of stomach (prepyloric)
what is increased in COPD
FRC and RV
emphysema specifically- pulm compliance and TLC
peripheral neuropathy mechanisms in diabetes
- non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins –> increased thickness and hyalinzation and narrowing of arterial walls –> ischemia
- hyperglycemia –> glucose converted to sorbitol and fructose by aldolase reductase –> water influx –> osmotic damage to axons and Schwann cells
when is GTP synthesized in Krebs cycle
succinyl CoA –> succinate
ivabradine MOA
slows heart rate by inhibiting funny current sodium channels –> prolong slow phase 4 depolarization
has no effect on contractility or relaxation
common adverse effect using fibrinolytics in MI
hemorrhage (GI, intracerebral)
where do intimal tears happen in Stanford type A dissection versus type B?
A- ascending aorta- sinotubular junction
B- descending aorta- near left subclavian artery
staph epidermidis virulence mechanism
biofilm
which type of ovarian cancer associated with CA-125
epithelial
which type of ALL can cause mediatinal compression (SVC syndrome and dysphagia)
T cell type
posterior urethral valves
presents with bilateral hydronephrosis and calyceal dilatation due to obstruction
only in male (wolffian duct malformation)
what diseases are clubbing associated with?
lung: lung cancer, TB, CF, bronchiectasis, pulm HTN, empyema, …
Heart: cyanotic congenital heart diseases (esp. Tetralogy), bacterial endocarditis
IBD, malabsorption
hyperthyroidism
parvovirus b19 presentation in adults
arthritis (PIP, metacarpals, knee, ankles)
absolute contraindications to OCPs
- pregnant
- women over 35 who smoke
- liver disease
- estrogen-dep tumor
- hypertriglyceridemia
- prior thromboembolic event
infiltration of plasma cells in bm, think…
multiple myeloma
whats a poor prognosis factor for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
adult onset
are there normal arteriopulm blood gases in obstructive sleep apnea
yes
lipofuscin is a product of…
lipid peroxidation and free radicals
alkoptonuria blocks which process
tyrosine metabolism to fumarate in TCA
homogentistic acid dioxygenase
Zollinger-Ellison symptoms
(gastrinoma)
–> peptic ulcers (beyond duodenum)
–> abdominal pain/reflux
–> diarrhea
