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Question 1

RPF equation

Answer 1

RPF= RBF (1-Hct)

Question 2

arginase deficiency

Answer 2

elevated arginine in urea cycle, but cant convert to urea

spastic diplegia, abnormal movements

treat- low protein diet (low arg)

Question 3

normal A-a gradient

Answer 3

5-15 mm Hg

Question 4

examples of increased A-a gradient

Answer 4

V/Q mismatch (eg. COPD, pneumonia)
R–>L shunt (congenital heart shunts)
diffusion impairment (eg. ARDS)

Question 5

L–type Ca channels in skeletal muscle vs smooth muscle and cardiac cells

Answer 5

skeletal: L-type channels directly stimulate Ryr channels to release Ca from SR

smooth/cardiac: L type channels –> Ca influx –> Ca opens Ryr channels to release Ca from SR
(target of CCBs)

Question 6

mid-systolic clic plus mid-late systolic murmur

Answer 6

mitral valve prolapse

Question 7

which HIV protein is glycosylated

Answer 7

env- to make GP160–> GP120, GP41

Question 8

which rib is left kidney at

Answer 8

12th

Question 9

which ribs are spleen at

Answer 9

9-11th

Question 10

best indicator of mitral stenosis prognosis

Answer 10

A2 to opening snap time (shorter–> more severe)

Question 11

bioavailability equation

Answer 11

F= (AUC oral x dose IV) / (AUC IV x dose oral)

Question 12

highly vascularized compartments (will get lipophilic drug flow first)

Answer 12

brain, kidney, liver, lungs, heart

Question 13

not well vascularized compartments (delayed distribution of drug)

Answer 13

skeletal muscle, bone, fat

Question 14

intestinal malrotation of midgut

Answer 14

intestinal obstruction (compression by adhesive bands- Ladd’s bands) –> billous emesis

midgut volvolus (twist around SMA –> ischemia)

Question 15

CD21

Answer 15

present on B cells - cell receptor for C3d complement

EBV binds this via gp350

Question 16

what’s prone to injury in pelvic surgery

Answer 16

ureters! –> hydronephrosis

Question 17

fenofibrate MOA

Answer 17

activate PPARalpha –> decreased hepatic VLDL, increased LPL, decrease TG’s, mildly elevate HDL

Question 18

which cholesterol lowering drug is best at reducing CV events

Answer 18

statins

Question 19

treatment for narcolepsy

Answer 19

psychostimulants- modafinil

2nd line- amphetamines

Question 20

PrP

Answer 20

prion

Question 21

where is resistance the highest in pulm tree

Answer 21

mid-sized bronchioles - high turbulent

trachea is wide, and smaller has large cross-sectional area

Question 22

pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 22

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

young obese women

daily HA, bilateral papilledema, transient visual dist.

increased ICP –> impaired axoplasmic flow and optic disc edema

Question 23

hepatocyte histo specific for hep B

Answer 23

ground glass hepatocytes- finely granular, diffusely homogenous, pale eosinophilic

Question 24

contact precautions for c dfi

Answer 24

nonsterile gloves and gown

wash hand with soap

Question 25

lab finding for acute bacterial parotitis

Answer 25

elevated serum amylase

Question 26

where is SA node

Answer 26

RA near SVC opening

Question 27

if DVT turns into artery embolism, what is going on?

Answer 27

ASD or patent foramen ovale

Question 28

most common trigger of DIC in pregnant woman

Answer 28

release of tissue factor (thromboplastin) from injured placenta into maternal circulation

Question 29

paraneoplastic syndromes with small cell lung carc

Answer 29

SIADH Cushings- ACTH Lambert-Eaton Cerebellar ataxia

Question 30

paraneoplastic syndromes with lung SCC

Answer 30

PTHrp- hypercalcemia

Question 31

paraneoplsatic syndromes with lung adenocarcinoma

Answer 31

hypertrophic osteoarthropathy dermatomyositis, polymyositis migratory thrombophlebitis