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Wrongs > 5/8 > Flashcards

5/8 Flashcards

1
Q

caterpillar cells

A

in aschoff bodies during myocarditis of acute Rhemuatic fever (most likely way dying)

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2
Q

bacterial endocarditis signs/symptoms

A

FROM JANE

Fever
Roth spots- hemorrhage in the retina
Osler nodes- painful
Murmur

Janeway lesions- microthrombi
Anemia
Nail bed hemorrhage
Emboli

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3
Q

bacteria that cause endocarditis

A

S aureus- high virulence- large veg
Strep viridans- low virulence- small veg

S epidermidis- prosthetic valves
S bovis- colon cancer

culture negative- HACEK (haemophilus, aggregatibacter, coxiella, eiknella, kingella)

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4
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy causes

A 
Alcohol
Beriberi (wet)
Coxsackie myocarditis
cocaine
chagas
doxorubicin
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5
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes

A

aut dom sarcomere mutatio in beta myosin heavy chain

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6
Q

HOCM histo

A

myofibrillar disarray and fibrosis

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7
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy causes

A

sarcoid
amyloidosis
endocardial fibroelastosis (young kids)
Loffler sydrome- fibrosis with eosinophilic infiltrate

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8
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy on EKG

A

low voltage- low amplitudes

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9
Q

cardiac tamponade findings

A

electrical alternans

pulsus paradoxus- systolic Bp decreas on inspiration

Beck triad- hypotension, distended neck veins, distant heart sounds

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10
Q

causes of hyaline vs hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

A

hyaline- benign HTN, diabetes

hyperplastic- malignant HTN

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11
Q

osteocytes connected to each other through…

A

gap junctions

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12
Q

which fungus can survive intracellularly (inside macrophages)?

A

histoplasma

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13
Q

pancreatic iselt amyloid formation in DM1 or 2?

A

DM2

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14
Q

which monosaccharide metabolized the fastest?

A

fructose (bypasses PFK-1)

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15
Q

azole MOA

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

inhibit cyp p450

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16
Q

Meniere disease triad

A

tinnitus

vertigo

sensorineural hearing loss

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17
Q

methylphenidate MOA

A

increase NE and DA release and inhibit reuptake

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18
Q

hospice requirement

A

prognosis <6 months

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19
Q

which chamber is most posterior in the heart

A

left atrium

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20
Q

splitting as a defense mechanism

A

seeing others as all good or all bad

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21
Q

which vitamin deficiency from isoniazid?

A

vit 6- pyroxidine

chemically similar so compete in NT synthesis –> less NTs–> peripheral neuropathy

22
Q

which cells stain for GFAP

A

glial origin: astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas

23
Q

which cells stain for synaptophysin

A

neurons
neuroendocrine
neuroectodermal

24
Q

protein M functions in step pyogenes

A

inhibits phagocytosis and complement

mediates adherence

25
Q

enhancer sequences

A

Bind activator proteins that bend DNA to interact with transcription factors to increase rate of txn

can be located downstream or upstream or within gene

26
Q

diphenoxylate MOA

A

antidiarrheal drug that binds mu opiate receptors in gut to slow motility

27
Q

leptin functions

A

decrease food intake-

  • decrease Neuropeptide Y, appetite stimulant
  • stimulate POMC –> alphaMSH–> inhibit food intake
28
Q

what differentiates absolute versus relative polycythemia?

A

absolute- increased RBC mass

relative- normal RBC mass

29
Q

AV fistula has what effects on cardiac forces?

A

increased CO
decreased TPR
increased sympathetics
Increased VR

30
Q

where do physicians access the saphenous vein for a graft?

A

medial leg

or femoral triangle in upper thigh

31
Q

what indicates a severe mitral regurgitation?

A

left sided S3 gallop

32
Q

if ST elevation is in lateral leads (I, aVL), which artery has the occlusion?

A

left circumflex artery

33
Q

if ST elevation in inferior leads (II,III,aVF), which artery has occlusion?

A

right coronary artery

34
Q

which leads are occluded in proximal vs distal left anterior descending artery?

A

proximal- V1-V4

distal- V3-V4

35
Q

subclavian steal syndrome

A

stenosis of subclavian artery (from atherosclerosis, takayasu….)

causes reversal of flow of vertebral artery away from carotid

symtpms: arm ischemia (fatigue, pain, tingle), vertebrobasilar insufficiency (dizzy, vertigo)

36
Q

most common GI abnormality in Down’s syndrome

A

duodenal atresia

37
Q

total peripheral resistance formula when in parallel

A

1/TPR = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

dont forget to invert the total!

38
Q

Etoposide MOA

A

topo II inhibitor

39
Q

do patients have a right to refuse medical info?

A

yes ya dummy

40
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

decreased ADAMTS13 level –> uncleaved vWF –> platelet trapping and activation

Hemolytic anemia with schistocytes
thrombocytopenia

41
Q

damage to dorsal pons can cause

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia

42
Q

prenatal screening of what detects neural tube defects?

A

AFP and AChE in amniotic fluid

because if neuropore doesnt fuse, they can leak out

43
Q

standard deviation percentages in normal distribution

A

1- 68%

2- 95%

3- 99.7%

44
Q

benign vs malignant acanthosis nigricans associations

A

benign- insulin resistance

malignant- neoplasms of GU or GI

45
Q

what type of medium is thayer martin?

A

selective

46
Q

eosinophils normally kill…

A

parasites (helminths)

47
Q

complications of varicose veins

A 
painful thromboses
stasis dermatitis
skin ulcerations
poor wound healing
superficial infections
48
Q

serotonin syndrome symptoms

A

confusion, agitation
tremor, hyperreflexia, clonus
tachycardia, hypertension
hyperthermia, diaphoresis

49
Q

what drug can help treat serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine- serotinin rec antagonist

50
Q

corticosteroids effect on WBC count

A

decreased lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils

increased neutrophils but have “demargination” from previously attached vessel walls (so cant help with infection because cant be recruited)

51
Q

what’s a complication to CREST?

A

pulmonary hypertension

52
Q

vulvar lesions in 1,2,and 3 syphilis

A

1- chancre
2- conylamata lata
3- gumma

Wrongs (36 decks)

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