5/21 Flashcards
17 alpha hydroxylase def symptoms
hypertension, hypokalemia (high MR)
low cortisol
feminized if male, lack 2 characteristics if female
21 hydroxylase def symptoms
low BP, hyperkalemia (low MR)
low cortisol
masculinization if female
11 beta hydroxylase def symptoms
high BP, hypokalemia (low aldosterone BUT high 11-deoxycorticosterone)
low cortisol
masculinization if female
glucagonoma symptoms
Dermatitis Diabetes DVT Declining weight Depression
somatostatinoma symptoms
diabetes/glucose intolerance
steatorrhea
gallstones
genes associated with pheochromocytomas
RET, VHL, NF1
tyrosinase deficiency
causes albinism- melanin made by tyrosine in melanocytes
tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
cofactor for dihydrobiopterine reductase deficiency (converts Phe–>Tyr and Tyr–>DOPA)
PKU (hyperphenylalanine) and low dopamine –> high prolactin
silicosis on imaging
eggshell calcification of hilar nodes and bifringent silica particles
asbestos on imaging
interstitial patter on lower zone
pleural plaques
ferruginous bodies
berryliosis on imaging and histo
nodular or irregular opacities on x-ray
histo: noncaseating granulomas
inhale organic dust on imaging
diffuse nodular interstital infiltrates
noncaseating granulomas
trazodone rare side effect
prolonged boner
methotexate adverse effects
panctyopenia stomatitis hepatotoxicity pulm fibrosis alopecia
receptors that stimulate insulin release
Gq (M3, glucagon)
Gs (glucagon, beta2, GLP-1)
receptors that decrease insulin release
Gi (alpha 2, somatostatin)
beta 1 type of receptor
Gs
daptomycin MOA
causes depolarization of cell membrane by creating trasmembrane channels that cause intracellular ion leakage
inhibits DNA, RNA, protein synthesis
what do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain
external genitalia
anus up to pectinate line
what do deep inguinal lymph nodes drain
glans penis, clit
superficial inguinal nodes
what do para-aortic lymph nodes drain
testis
what do the inferior mesenteric nodes drain
descending and sigmoid colon
upper rectum
infants born to hepatits B mothers
mostly always get hep B
are generally asymptomatic
higher risk of HCC and cirrhosis if chronically infected
whats most common cause of death in people with DM
coronary heart disease (MI)
aging –> changes in pulm function
decreased compliance
increased RV
decreased FVC
normal TLC
most common cancer in women and nonsmokers
adenocarcinoma
ezetimibe MOA
inhibit niemann-pick C1 like 1 –> decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol
what type of receptor is calcium sensing receptors
GPCR
mesothelioma on imaging and histo
imaging: pleural thickening
histo: long slender microvilli, many tonofilaments
flutamide MOA and rx
competitive inhibitor of testosterone receptors
combo therapy for prostate cancer
post partum blues duration
peak at 5 days
resolve typically 10-14 days
(no suicide ideation)
post partum depression duration
within 4 weeks
what can minors consent to without parents
prenatal care, drug rehab, STD treatment, contraception
not abortions tho…
are people with calcium kidney stones hypercalcemic?
nope, just hypercalciuric
which med reverses both muscarinic and nicotinic effects of organophosphate poisoning?
pralidoxime
cholesteatomas
collections of squamous cell debris that form pearly masses behind tympanic membrane in middle ear
can cause hearing loss (erode ossicles)
zenker diverticulum
false diverticulum in oropharynx
criocopharyngeal motor dys –> spasm–> oropharnygeal dysplasia–> increased pressure –> halitosis, aspiration,
what is anterior vs posterior pituitary derived from
anterior- surface ectoderm
posterior- neural tube
which genetic mutation helps intestinal polyp adenoma growth and which one helps transform adenoma to carcinoma
growth- KRAS
transform- p53
