5/12- Exam Flashcards
globus sensation
feeling like something stuck in throat
normal findings. associated with anxiety
which cytokine exclusively made by T cells
IL-2
umbillicated papules. think…
molluscum contagiosum (pox)
what happens to GFR after nephrectomy
immediately- cuts by 50%
six weeks later- goes back up to 80% due to structural and hemodynamic changes
what dilates with viagra
smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum
myasthenia gravis associated with which cancer
thymomas
Na and K levels in DKA
Na decreased
K increased
dandy walker malformation
absence of cerebellar vermis
dilatation of 4th ventricle
enlargement of posterior fossa
treat pheochromocytoma
alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine)
germinal matrix
dense vascular subendymal zone of brain that goes away 28 weeks in utero
fragile so can cause intraventricular hemorrhage
majority of cancers in head and neck are…
squamous cell carcinoma
allelic heterogeneity vs. polygenic disease
allelic het: different loci on same gene
polygenic: different genes
hemochromatosis symptoms
hepatomegaly, liver disease DM secondary to pancreatic islet destruction arthtopathy pituitary hormone deficiencies hyperpigmentation cardiomyopathy
Bruton agammaglobunemia
x-linked
defect in brutons tyrosine kinase
B cells cant mature
n-terminal signal peptides carry preprohormones from where to where
cytosol to ER
Glucagon uses what what kind of receptor
Gs
sweating uses what innervation
cholinergic postganglionic fibers of sympathetic system
what should you ablate to eliminate over-sweating in axilla
thoracic sympathetic trunk
red safranin stains what?
cartilage (type II collagen)
mast cells
mucin
what is a vestige of the gubernaculum that projects from the uterus to labia majora via the inguinal canal
round ligament of uterus
ischemic colitis pathology
mucosal hemorrhage, patchy areas of necrosis
associations with Crohn’s
fistulas apthous oral ulcers bowel obstruction fissures abscesses
terminal ileum
treatment for hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose- -degraded in colon to form lactic acid and acetic acid–>
convert NH3–>NH4+
more NH3 comes in from blood to gut to be acidified
beta 2 agonist work through what type of receptor
Gs
recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate…
intrinsic muscles of larynx:
posterior, lateral, oblique, transverse crioarytenoids
thyroiarytenoid (but not the cricothiroid)
what does the right vs left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?
right- right subclavian artery
left- aortic arch
which nerves are unmyleinated?
postganglionic autonomic nerves
afferent neurons that conduct heat, and slow-onset burning or pain
first order bipolar sensory neurons of olfaction
which layer makes a callus
stratum corneum
can indirect cholinergic agonists have effect on pupil?
no, only direct
acanthosis nigricans associations
obesity, insulin resistance
if sudden–> malignancy of GI or lung
alpha 1 uses what type of receptor
Gq
in fetal circulation, what connects umbilical vein to IVC
ductus venosus
steps to PCR
- heat to 94-96 to denature strands
2- cool to 50-65 to anneal DNA primer - heat again to 72 so taq DNA polymerase can synthesize new strand
right vs left supraclavicular lymph node drainage
right- mediastinum, lungs, esophagus
left (virchow)- thorax, abdomen via thoracic duct
