5/6 Flashcards
drugs of zero order kinetics
phenytoin
ethanol
aspirin
(pea)
sulfa drugs
sulfonamide antibiotics sulfasalazine sulfonylureas probenecid furosemide thiazides actezolamide celecoxib
cyp inducers
chronic alcoholics st johns wort phenytoin phenoarbital nevirapine rifampin griseofulvin carbamazepine
chronic alcoholics steal phen-phen and never refuse greasy carbs
cup inhibitors
acute alcoholic abuse ritonavir amiodarone cimetidine ciprofloxacin ketoconazole sulfonamides isoniazid grapefruit juice quinidine macrolides (except azithromycin)
AAA RACKS In GQ Magazine
Short bowel syndrome
occurs with small bowel resection or Crohns
loss of absorptive surface area –> watery diarrhea and loss of macro and micronutrients (think B12)
obesity-related restrictive lung disease
reduction in chest wall compliance and lung compliance (microatelectasis)
decreased ERV, TLC, FEV1, FVC
normal RV
PKU signs and pattern of inheritance
aut rec
intellectual disability, eczema, gait abnormality, musty body odor
giant cell arteritis symptoms
systemic- fever, malaise, weight loss HA jaw claudication visual disturbances polymyalgia rheumatica
granulomatous inflammation of media
spinal muscular atrophy mutation
survival motor neuron 1 gene SMN1
encodes small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
which cells in brain would have lipid after an infarct?
microglia after a week of infarct
phagocytosis of myelin breakdown products
signs of HOCM
family history of premature sudden death
chest discomfort
crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur that accentuates when you go from supine to standing
contra drugs for HOCM
Vasodilators (dihydropyridine CCB, nitroglycerin, ACEI)- decrease SVR
Diuretics- decrease preload
drugs that help HOCM
negative inotropic agents- beta blockers, nondihydropyridine CCB, disopyramide
what’s bigger in COPD? TLC or RV (relatively)
RV, but both increase
acute compartment syndrome
increase in pressure within fascia compartments (from fractures, crush injuries, thermal disorders, vascular)
most often in anterior compartment- foot extensor muscles, anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve
cell deficiency in localized versus systemic candida infections
localized- T cells
systemic (hematogenous)- neutropenia
what causes dimpling of the breast
malignant infiltration of suspensory ligament of breast
left versus right sided frontal lobe lesions
left- apathy, depression
right- disinhibiton
which race has greatest bone density
african americans
CSF findings of cryptococcus meningitis
low glucose, moderate increase in proteins, low leukocytes (HIV), lymphocytes predominate
is methacholine asthma test more sensitive or specific?
very sensitive, not specific
celiac trunk supplies what?
stomach part of duodenum gallbladder liver spleen pancreas
most common pituitary adenoma
prolactinoma
most common cause of retinitis in HIV patients?
CMV
Enoxaparin MOA
low molecular weight heparin
binds/activates AT III and stops factor Xa from converting prothrombin to thrombin
Ecoli’s toxins and associated diseases
Fimbrae- UTIs
K1 capsular polysacch- neonatal meningitis
LPS- bacteremia, septic shock
verotoxin (shiga-like)- bloody stool
heat stable/labile toxin- watery diarrhea
which polyp is more likely to become malignant? tubular or villous?
villous
psoriasis histology
hyperkeratosis
acanthosis
elongation of rete ridges
mitotic activity above epidermal basal layer
reduced stratum granulosum
thinned epidermis above papillae- auspitz
