Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wrongs > 5/7 > Flashcards

5/7 Flashcards

1
Q

congenital long QT syndrome

A

disorder of myocardial repolarization (ion channel defects)

risk of sudden cardiac death from torsades

two types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two types of long QT syndromes

A

Romano-Ward: aut dom- cardiac problems only- mutation of Ca or Na channels

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome- aut rec- cardiac and sensorineural deafness- mutation of K channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

aut dom- asian males

pseudo RBBB and ST elevation in V1-V3

risk of ventricular tachyarrythmias and SCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

ventricular pre-excitation syndrome that can lead to supraventricular tachycardia

cause: abnormally fast bundle of Kent bypasses AV node and prematurely depolarizes ventricles

EKG: delta wave, wide QRS, short PR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

things that cause wide splitting

A

delay RV emptying!

pulmonic stenosis, RBBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

things that cause fixed splitting

A

ASD (left to right shunt)

regardless of breath!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

things that cause paradoxical splitting

A

delay aortic valve closure so get rid of split on inspiration!

aortic stenosis
LBBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

continuous machine-like murmur

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pathway of fetal blood flow

A

umbilical vein –> liver (ductus venosus bypass) –> IVC –> heart

then either enters pulmonary circuit or crosses from RA to LA via foramen ovale

some blood from pulmonary enters aorta via ductus arteriosus and then supplies all tissues

transfers deoxygenated blood back to placenta via umbilical arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

amyloid angiopathy

A

spontaneous lobar hemorrhage- particularly parietal (contra hemisensory loss) and occipital (vision changes), sometimes frontal (contra hemiparesis)

beta amyloid deposits in small and medium sized arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

telomerases

A

reverse transcriptase (RNA-dep DNA pol) that lengthens telomeres by adding TTAGGG to 3’ end.

composed of TERT (rev transcriptase) and TERC (RNA template)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which type of cells have long telomeres and high telomerase activity?

A

stem cells (eg. skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

thiazides effect on Ca

A

increase Ca absorption in distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

loop diuretics effect on Ca

A

hypocalemia- Ca excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cori disease feature

A

unbranched glycogen with short outer chains (limit dextrins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are actin filaments bound to in the sarcomere?

A

structural proteins at the z line (the non-myosin part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Babesiosis symptoms and signs

A

flu-like

anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated LFTs

intraerythrocytic pleomorphic rings (maltese crosses sometimes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does squatting help relieve tet spells

A

increase SVR, preventing right to left shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

factor Xa inhibitors effect

A

prolong PT and PTT (at the junction of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways)

no effect on Thrombin time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

types of drug reactions

A

predictable- what’s expected

exaggerated- what’s expected but occurs at low unexpected dose

idiosyncratic- unpredictable reaction in certain patients

immunologic- unpredictable immunologic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uncal herniation symptoms

A

oculomotor nerve palsy with fixed dilated pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor Tx and contra

A

urinary tract and genital mycotic infections (from glucosuria)

symptomatic hypotension

avoid in patients with mod-severe renal impairment (check BUN and Cr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

deep inguinal ring vs superficial inguinal ring

A

deep- transversalis fascia

superficial- external oblique muscle aponeurosis - then from there testis enters scrotum

24
Q

adenosine tx

A

RAPID (half life of ten seconds)

flushing
bronchospasm (chest burn)
hypotension
AV block

25
Q

which is based on prevalence? sens/specficity or pos/neg predictive value?

A

Positive and negative predictive value

26
Q

Hartnup disease

A

impaired transport of neutral amino acids in small intestine and PT of kidney

particularly tryptophan affected, which is a precursor for niacin, serotonin, and melatonin

pellagra and ataxia

27
Q

myocardial hibernation

A

chronic myocardial iscemia

LV systolic dysfunction due to redued coronary blood flow

reversed by coronary revascularization

28
Q

filtration fraction

A

portion of renal plasma flow that is filtered through Bowmans space

GFR: RPF

29
Q

what composes of most of the right side of cardiac silhouette?

A

right atrium

30
Q

carotid sinus massage

A

reflex parasympathetic stimulation of SA, AV and atrial myocytes–> decrease HR and CO

31
Q

murmur in VSD

A

holosystolic murmur
low pitched
heard best at left sternal border
accentuates with handgrip maneuver (increase afterload)

32
Q

what is needed to make nitrous oxide

A

nitrous oxide synthetase
arginine
NADPH
O2

33
Q

fixed splitting heard in…

A

ASD –> pulm hypertension

34
Q

where is the placement of cannulation of femoral vein

A

medial to femoral artery (midinguinal)

1 cm below inguinal ligament

35
Q

when does RF make mitral regurgitation and when mitral stenosis

A

regurg- first few decades- holosystolic murmur

stenosis-mid-age

36
Q

after MI, when does pericarditis begin and when would dressler begin?

A

pericarditis- 2-4 days

dressler- one week to few months

37
Q

when and where is aortic regurgitation best heard?

A

after second heart sound (aorta valve closes)

left sternal border, in 3-4th intercostal space

38
Q

when is mitral regurgitation best heard

A

after first heart sound (mitral valve closes)

39
Q

when is aortic stenosis best heard

A

mid systole (crescendo-decrescendo)

40
Q

when is mitral stenosis best heard

A

mid diastole

41
Q

polyarteritis nodosa histo and association

A

hep B association

transmural inflamm of mid-sized arteries
fibrinoid necrosis- amorphous, eosin staining

42
Q

varicella zoster histo

A

multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions

43
Q

cells that have raquet shaped granules

A

langherans cells

44
Q

Kozak consensus sequence

A

sequence on euk mRNA that helps initiate translation before AUG start codon

gccrcc

r is either a or g

45
Q

NADPH functions

A
  • antioxidant- regnerate glutathione
  • phagosomes resp burst
  • biosynthesis in liver and adrenal- fatty acids, steroids, cholesterol
  • cyt p450 metabolism
46
Q

how many calories of protein, carb, and fat per 1 gram?

A

protein and carb- 4 cal/g

fat- 9 cal/g

47
Q

where do internal hemorrhoids drain to?

A

middle and superior rectal veins–> internal iliac and inferior mesenteric veins

48
Q

how can you reduce recurrence of genital herpes

A

daily treatment of oral valcyclovir, acyclovir, or famcyclovir

49
Q

pathology of Reyes syndrome

A

hepatic dysfunction- microvesicular steatosis

encephalopathy- hyperammonemia –> cerebral edema

50
Q

when do you screen for group b strep in pregnant women?

A

35-37 weeks gestation

51
Q

hCG has similar structure to

A

FSH, LH, TSH

52
Q

bacteria most common of secondary pneumonia

A

strep pneumo, staph aureus, hemophilus

53
Q

incomplete fusion of the urethral folds results in

A

hypospadias

54
Q

primary cause of death in acute rheumatic fever

A

pancarditis

55
Q

how many days after MI does free wall rupture happen?

A

5-14 days

Wrongs (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions