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Wrongs > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the complications of therapeutic supplemental O2 during neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

Retinopathy
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

due to free radicals

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2
Q

club cells in lung

A

nonciliated

secrete component to surfactant
degrade toxins
reserve

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3
Q

bronchogenic cysts

A

abnormal budding of foregut and dilatation of terminal or large bronchi

discrete round air-filled densities on CXR

can cause infection

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4
Q

5 stages to lung development

A

1) Embryonic (weeks 4-7)- trachea, bronchi
2) Pseudoglandular (5-16)- terminal bronchioles
3) Canalicular (16-26)- resp bronchioles and alveolar ducts
4) Saccular (26-birth)- alveolar terminal sacs, pneumocytes
5) Alveolar (32- 8 years)- adult alveoli (secondary septation)
mnemonic: Emily Pogrund Can’t Sex Anyone

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5
Q

sonic hedgehog gene produced where

A

base of limbs in zone of polarizing activity

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6
Q

sonic hedgehog mutation leads to…

A

holoprosencephaly

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7
Q

Wnt 7 gene and FGF gene produced where

A

apical ectodermal ridge of each limb

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8
Q

FGF gene function

A

stimulates mitosis of mesoderm– lengthens limbs

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9
Q

Hox mutations

A

appendages in wrong locations

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10
Q

when does hcg secretion begin

A

day 6- blastocyst implantation

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11
Q

what happens week 2 and 3?

A

2- 2 layers- epiblast, hypoblast

3- 3 layers- endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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12
Q

what happens week 4

A

4 limbs- form

4 chambers- heart beats

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13
Q

when is heartbeat detected by ultrasound

A

week 6

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14
Q

when do fetal movements begin

A

week 8

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15
Q

when can you decipher genitalia

A

week 10

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16
Q

when are teratogens most suscpetible to causing injury

A

week 3-8 (embryonic period)- organogenesis

before week 3- all or none
after week 8- growth function affected

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17
Q

at what stages for MZ twins can you get dichorionic, diamnionic; monochor, diamnio; mono, mono; conjoined

A

separating at…

di, di: 0-4 days

monochorionic, diamnionic: 4-8 days

mono, mono: 8-12 days

conjoined- after 13 days

18
Q

patent urachus

A

failure of urachus to obliterate–> urine leaks from umbilicus

19
Q

urachal cyst

A

partial failure of urachus to obliterate–> cyst

–> adenocarc, infection

20
Q

vesicourachal diverticulum

A

slight failure of urachus to obliterate –> bladder outpouching

21
Q

vitelline duct

A

connects yolk sac to midgut lumen

closes 7th week

22
Q

vitelline fistula

A

vitelline duct completely fails to close (unlike meckel which is partial)

–> meconium discharge from umbilicus

23
Q

aoritc arches

A

1- maxillary artery

2- stapedial and hyoid artery

3- common carotid, internal carotid

4- aortic arch (left), right subclavian

6- pulm arteries and ductus arteriosus

24
Q

branchial (pharyngeal) apparatus

A

composed of:

clefts- ectoderm

arches- mesoderm

pouches- endoderm

25
Q

branchial clefts

A

1- external auditory meatus

2-4 temporary cervical sinus
If this persists–> branchial cleft cyst anterior to SCM (immobile during swallowing unlike thryglossal cyst)

26
Q

branchial arch 1

A

Maxilla, zygomatic bone, mandible, meckel cartilage, malleus, incus, sphenoManidibular ligament

Muscles of Mastication, Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

Cn V2 and V3

27
Q

branchial arch 2

A

Reichert cartilage- stapes, styloid, stylohyoid lig

stapedius, stylohyoid, platySma, posterior belly of digastric

CN VII

28
Q

pierre robin sequence

A

abnl branchial arch 1 and 2

micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate, airway obstruction

29
Q

treacher collins syndrome

A

neural crest dysfunction – abnl branchial arch 1 and 2

manidble hypoplasia
facial abnl

30
Q

branchial arch 3

A

greater horn of hyoid

stylopharnygeus

CN IX

31
Q

branchial arch 4-6

A

arytenoids, cricoid, corniculate, cuneiform, thryoid

4: pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, CN X (superior laryngeal)

6: intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid
CN X (recurrent laryngeal)
32
Q

what branchial arches make up anterior and posterior tongue

A

anterior: 1-2
posterior: 3-4

33
Q

branchial pouch 1

A

middle ear, eustachian, mastoid air

34
Q

branchial pouch 2

A

palatine tonsils

35
Q

branchial pouch 3

A

dorsal- inferior parathyroids

ventral- thymus

36
Q

branchial 4th pouch

A

dorsal–> superior parathyroids

ventral: C cells of thyroid, ultimobranchial body

37
Q

mneumonic for pouches

A

ear, tonsils, bottom to top

38
Q

septate uterus

A

incomplete resorption of septum

decrease fertility

39
Q

bicorunate uterus

A

incomplete fusion of mullerian ducts

risk of complicated pregnancy

40
Q

uterus didelphys

A

complete fusion failure

double uterus, cervix, vagina

pregnancy is possible!

Wrongs (36 decks)

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