Module 8 Flashcards
EEG (electroencephalograph)
type of physiograph that focuses on brain activity during sleep via electrodes that produce electrical signals
physiograph
amplifies brain signals and records them for later analysis; includes brain activity, heart rate, breathing rate, muscle tension changes during sleep
alpha waves
slow, smooth, regular waves; occur when person is awake and relaxed
beta waves
fast and irregular waves produced when one is alert and awake
NREM-1
transition from wakefulness into sleep; hallucinations including ones incorporated with memories, falling (jerking) and floating; easily awaken; neuron firings/waves are irregular
NREM-2
brief bursts of rapid brain activity (spindles)o; truly asleep
NREM-3
deep sleep; delta waves; short
delta waves
low frequency, high amplitude waves; NREM-3
REM (paradoxical sleep; rapid eye movement)
`occurs after passing through NREM-2 second time; fast and irregular waves; muscle relaxation besides eyes; 80% dreams; genitals aroused; an hour after first falling asleep (second half); lasts 10 minutes
yawning
response to reduced brain metabolism; stretches beck muscles and increases heart rate to increase alertness
sleep cycle
every 90 min; NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3, NREM-2, REM; NREM-3 decreases as sleep goes on; NREM-2 and REM increase as sleep goes on
sleep with age
becomes less fragile and awakenings become more common
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
cell clusters in hypothalamus that receive triggers from bright-light-sensitive retinal proteins
desynchronization
chronic disruption of circadian cycle
light on sleep
causes pineal gland to decrease production of melatonin in morning and increase at night
circadian rhythm
biological clock; regular bodily rhytms that occur on a 24-hour cycle including wakefulness and body temp
body temperature circadian rhythm
increases in morning, decreases at night; peak during afternoon, causing thinking and memory to improve at this time
reasons for sleep
instinctual protection, recuperation, restoration, rebuilding, and storing of memory, feeds creative thinking, growth, physical ability heighten
effects of sleep loss
decrease in mood, energy, performance (esp academic), increase in social conflicts; causes onset of depression; weight gain; surpresses immune cells (more susceptible to diseases); cyberloafing
tips for better sleep
exercise, avoiding caffiene in afternoon; avoid food and drink near bedtime (except milk); have a regular schedule; relax; dim lights prior to sleeping
insomnia
ongoing difficulty falling/staying asleep; reliance on pills and alcohol
narcolepsy
sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness; risk of falling asleep at dangerous moment
sleep apnea
stopping breathing repeatedly during sleep; can cause fatigue and weight gain
sleepwalking (somnombulism)/sleeptalking (somniloquy)
doing normal awake activities while sleeping
night terrors
appearing scared, talking nonsense, sitting up, walking around during sleep; different from nightmares
dream content
80% negative; REM dreams are vivid and bizarre; traces of previous day’s experiences; real life sensory stimuli may be incorporated; sexual
common dreams
failing; being attacked, pursued, or rejected; misfortune
wish-fulfillment theory
Freud; dreams are key to inner conflicts and desires; some say too deep; lacks scientific support
manifest content
apparent and remembered plot of dream
latent content
unconscious drives and wishes represented by manifest content
info-processing perspective
dreams are purposed to help sift, sort, and fiz day’s experiences into memory; doesn’t explain why we dream about past events or things we haven’t experienced
physiological theory
dreams develop and preseerve neural processing; periodic neural stimulation; doesn’t explain why we have meaningful dreams
activation-synthesis theory
dreams make sense of neural static; synthesize random neural activity
cogntitive development theory
dreams reflect cognitive development and brain maturation; dreams stimulate reality (knowledge and understanding); not an adaptive function of dreams
REM rebound
tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation as REM is needed (biological and genetic; survived natural selection)
