Module 15 Flashcards
lifestyle perspective
development is lifelong
adolescence
years from puberty to independence, childhood to adulthood; doesn’t exist in cultures where teens are self-assuring
puberty
sexual maturation
male early maturation
stronger and more athletic; more popular, self-assured, independent, higher risk for alcohol use, delinquency, and sexual activity
female early maturation
seek older friends; suffer teasing and sexual harassment, and anxiety
causes of early menarche
increase in body fat; increase in hormone-mimicking chem in diet; increased stress
pruning
rewiring/elimination of unused neurons and connections
frontal lobe development
occurs at a slower pace than emotional limbic system development; leads to teen impulsivity; teens may understand risks/consequences but give more weight to potential thrills and rewards
reasoning power
self-focused in early years; in adolescence, debate values and beliefs (including religion)
moral reasoning
thinking as we discern right from wrong
preconventional morality
birth-9 y/o; self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment/gain concrete rewards
conventional morality
uphold laws and rules to gain social approval/maintain social order; early adolescence
postconventional morality
late adolescence and beyond; actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles; mostly in individualistic cultures
moral intuition
“gut feelings;” triggered by disgust/elation; work in conjunction with moral reasoning and can override
moral action
doing the right thing; dependent on social influences, reasoning, and intuition/emotions
delayed gratification
shows developed moral action and reasoning; fosters flourishing
psychosocial task
crisis in each stage of development; Erikson
morality
based in anterior singlet; Kohlberg
infancy task (birth - 1y/o)
trust vs. mistrust
toddler task (1-3 y/o)
autonomy vs shame (exercising will/independence)
preschool task (3-6 y/o)
initiative vs guilt
elementary task (6 y/o-puberty)
competence vs inferiority (applying self to task)
adolescence task (teens - 20s)
identity vs role confusion
young adulthood task (20s-40s)
intimacy vs isolation
mid adulthood task (40s-60s)
generativity vs stagnation (sense of contribution to the world via family, work, etc)
late adulthood task (60s-death)
integrity vs despair (reflecting on life, satisfaction vs failure)
identity
sense of self; distinct from parents and peers
social identity
part of self identity that comes from group memberships
intimacy
ability to form emotionally close relationships; more common among individualistic adolescents
moratorium
experimenting with different identities; high exploration and low commitment
diffusion
13-16 y/o; apathetic and uninterested in questions of identity, not ready to commit; low commitment and exploration
identity achievement
has struggled with questions of identity and purpose; formed direction for future; high commitment and exploration
foreclosure
build an identity based on values and beliefs of others (parents, gang, cult, etc); low exploration, high commitment
negative identity
react against expectations; only knows who they aren’t
parent-child arguments
increase as adolescents begin to form identity; more with first-born children and mothers; girls argue about relationships and boys argue about behavior (acting out/hygiene)
emerging adulthood
period between 18-mid 20s; not adolescents but don’t have full adult independence
