Module 6 Flashcards
cerebrum
majority of brain (everything besides brain stem and cerebellum); covered by cerebral cortex
fissures
folds in cerebral cortex
motor cortex
rear of frontal lobe; controls voluntary movement; sends messages out to body
cognitive neural processing
programming computers to act according to brain signals that have been monitored and recorded; has worked with planning and intention (pointing/reaching for something); might be a way to read thoughts for stroke patients and for paralytics/amputees to gain (artificial) motor control
machine learning
uses electrodes; patient stares at motion, thinks of doing themselves, and does it w/o control
somatosensory cortex
front of parietal lobes; processes touch and movement sensations; receives incoming messages
visual cortex
receives visual input; located in occipital lobes; if stimulated, flashes of light/color occur
auditory cortex
processes sound; located in temporal lobe
gustatory cortex
controls taste; located in frontal lobe
olfactory cortex
controls smell; located in temporal lobe
association area
specific regions of a lobe involved with higher mental functioning; electrically probing elicits no observable response
prefrontal cortex
forward of frontal lobes; enables moral judgement, planning, and processing of new memories
parietal association area
math and spatial reasoning; intentions and expectations of movement
temporal association area
recognizing faces
frontal lobes
speaking (Broca’s Area), muscle movements, planning, judgement, expressive language
Broca’s Area
in frontal lobe; production of language
parietal lobes
sensory input for touch (pressure, pain) and body position; language processing; includes Wernicke’s Area and angular gyrus
Wernicke’s Area
understanding language
angular gyrus
converts words to sounds to send to Wernicke’s Area
occipital lobe
receives info from visual cortex
temporal lobes
auditory control (speech percetion); includes hippocampus -> memory; smell
constraint-induced therapy
aims to rewire damaged (stroke maybe) brain by restraining functioning limb and forcing use of damaged one
neurogenesis
production of new neurons; confirmed via Cold War bc of carbon-dated neurons from nuclear tests; 700 new daily and 2% annual turnover rate in hippocampus
neural stem cells
can develop into any kind of brain cell; might be able to mass produce in lab and use with brain damage patients
compensation/reassignment
when a condition/injury frees up brain areas normally restricted to certain functions that aren’t in use anymore
corpus callosum
neural fibers thagt connecting hemis and carry messages between
split brain
conditions resulting fro surgery that cuts fibers connecting hemispheres; left and right hemispheres act separately and are unable to know information that the other receives (“2 separate minds”)
lateralization
right and left hemis serve different functions
cotralateral
each hemi controls opposite side
left hemisphere
analytical, linear, language, controls right
right hemisphere
creative, intuitive, perceiving/expressing emotion, left side movements
concussion; mild traumatic brain injury
blow to the head that can change how the brain works; brain hits skull and axons are teared/destroyed and release toxins; can affect memory, judgement, movement, speech, sleep; can cause anxiety/depression
post concussion syndrome (PCS)
headaches, learning problems and behavioral symptoms months-years after injury
sub-concussive impacts
less intense head blows that can lead to severe degeneration if repetitive (CTE); “fray” axons
diffusion tensor imaging
shows large axon bubbles and how mild blows structurally alter them
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
brain disorder caused by repetitive hits to head that can affect mood, behavior, thinking, and mem; 30-40 y/o; can result in dementia
tau
protein that supports microtubules in axons that clump together when microtubules are damaged causing disrupted transport and communication across neuron and more clumps
