Module 25

Question 1

highly superior autobiographical memory

Answer 1

prone to letting minds get absorbed by info that never leaves mem storage once entering

Question 2

anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

inabiltiy to form new mem; can learn non-verbal tasks with no awareness of learning them (implicit)

Question 3

retrograde amnesia

Answer 3

inability to retrieve info from past

Question 4

reasons for forgetting

Answer 4

encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure

Question 5

pace of forgetting

Answer 5

initially rapid and then levels off with time; Ebbinghaus; caused by gradual fading of physical mem traces

Question 6

proactive interference

Answer 6

prior learning disrupts recall of new info; forward-acting

Question 7

retrieval failure

Answer 7

can stem from interference and motivated forgetting

Question 8

retroactive interference

Answer 8

new learning disrupts recall of old info; backward-acting; less in the hour before sleep because less opportunity for interfering events

Question 9

positive transfer

Answer 9

previously learned info often facilitates our learning of new info

Question 10

repression

Answer 10

Freud; defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness painful or unacceptable mem to protect our self-concept and to decrease anxiety; may not actually occur and may actually cause stronger memories of the event

Question 11

reconsolidation

Answer 11

previously stored mem that, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again; causes all mem to be “false;” disrupting this can “erase” mem

Question 12

misinformation effect

Answer 12

when exposed to misleading info, tend to misremember; can influence later behaviors and attitudes; can be caused via wording bias

Question 13

imagination effects

Answer 13

imagining non-existent actions and events can create false mem bc imagined events seem more familiar

Question 14

souce amnesia/misattribution

Answer 14

faulty mem for how, when, where info was learned/imagined; heart of most faulty mem (w/ misinfo effect); can cause unintentional plagiarism and déjà vu

Question 15

déjà vu

Answer 15

sensation of experiecing something before despite knowing you haven’t; 66% of people have experienced; often accompanied by a feeling of knowing what’s going to happen next

Question 16

theories of déjà vu’s origin

Answer 16

dual processing, hologram theory/unrecalled mem hypothesis/spatial mem hypothesis, divided attention

Question 17

dual processing theory

Answer 17

slight delay in 1 pathway from scene; late info is perceived as a second event (familiarity/temporal usually processes before details/hippocampus and frontal)

Question 18

hologram theory/unrecalled mem hypothesis/spatial mem hypothesis

Answer 18

summons familiar mem w/o context; supported by how people who travel and watch movies more experience more déjà vu

Question 19

divided attention theory

Answer 19

brain subliminally takes in environment while we’re distracted; feels like we’ve been somewhere before bc it’s already recorded

Question 20

intrusion errors

Answer 20

often remember theme of list as one of words in list despite not being one

Question 21

how is false mem often constructed

Answer 21

by filling in mem gaps of mem, causing fill-ins to be ingrained in mem despite being fabricated

Question 22

tactics for imporoving mem

Answer 22

rehearse, make material meaningful, activate retrieval cues, use mnemonic devices,, minimize interference, sleep more, test knowledge