Module 53

Question 1

Pinel and Dix

Answer 1

pushed for gentler, more human treatments and more mental hospitals

Question 2

psychotherapy

Answer 2

treatment involving psych techniques to overcome difficulties or personally grow

Question 3

biomedical therapy

Answer 3

prescribed meds/procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

Question 4

eclectic approach

Answer 4

combining types of therapy for best results

Question 5

psychoanalysis

Answer 5

Freud; aimed to reveal repressed things; decreased problems (unresolved and unconscious tensions) via insight about disorder’s origins (often in childhood); not common bc not scientifically proven and requires a lot of time and money

Question 6

free association

Answer 6

speaking what comes to mind

Question 7

resistance

Answer 7

blocking of anxiety-laden material from consciousness as shown via mental blocks/avoidance during free association

Question 8

interpretation

Answer 8

noting and offering insight of resisted topics

Question 9

transference

Answer 9

patient’s transfer of emotions to the analyst that are linked with other relationships in the patient’s life

Question 10

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 10

views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences; seeks to enhance self-insight; focuses on relationships and unconscious dynamics

Question 11

humanistic therapy

Answer 11

emphasizes people’s innate potential for self-fulfillment; attempt to decrease inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth; increase self-awareness and acceptance by getting in touch with and taking responsibility for feelings; conscious thoughts and present/future take priority

Question 12

insight therapies

Answer 12

aim to improve psych functioning by increasing awareness of underlying motives and defenses; humanistic and psychodynamic therapies

Question 13

client-centered therapy

Answer 13

Rogers; non-directive therapy that encourages growth via acceptance, genuineness, and empathy

Question 14

active listening

Answer 14

empathetic listening; listener echoes, repeats, clarifies, and reflects emotions

Question 15

unconditional positive regard

Answer 15

caring, accepting, and non-judgemental attitude

Question 16

behavior therapies

Answer 16

problem behaviors = problem; applies learning principles to rid of unwanted behaviors

Question 17

counterconditioning

Answer 17

behavior that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors

Question 18

exposure therapies

Answer 18

treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear or avoid to promote adaptation

Question 19

systematic desensitization

Answer 19

associates pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increased anxiety-triggering stimulus; uses anxiety hierarchy and the initial learning of progressive relaxation

Question 20

habituation

Answer 20

simple form of learning in which repeated exposure to a stimulus gradually decreases response

Question 21

VR exposure therapy

Answer 21

provides electronic VR simulations in which people can face fears if they’re too expensive, difficult, or embarrassing to recreate in real life

Question 22

aversive conditioning

Answer 22

associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior; taste aversion

Question 23

behavior modification

Answer 23

operant conditioning; reinforce desirable behaviors and fail to reinforce/punish undesirable behaviors

Question 24

token economy

Answer 24

people earn a token for exhibiting desired behaviors and can trade tokens for privileges or treats; increases success of behavior modification

Question 25

cognitive therapies

Answer 25

assume thinking influences feeling; teaches people new, adaptive ways of thinking and perceiving/interpreting events; event -> thinking -> response

Question 26

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy for Depression

Answer 26

sought to reverse clients’ negativity about themselves, their situations, and their futures and increase positive self-talk; gentle Q’s seek to reveal irrational thinking and persuade people to use a different narrative

Question 27

catastrophizing

Answer 27

relentless, over-generalized, self-blaming behavior

Question 28

stress inoculation training

Answer 28

teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations; reveal, test, and change faulty beliefs

Question 29

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 29

integrative; attempts to change how people think and act; use realistic appraisals and practice positive behaviors; helps with OCD; works virtually

Question 30

dialectical behavior therapy

Answer 30

helps change harmful and even suicidal behavior by making peace between change and acceptance and acting as an ally; adds social training and mindful meditation; sessions with groups are good practice

Question 31

group therapy

Answer 31

doesn’t provide same degree of therapist involvement; saves therapist’s time and clients’ money; chance to explore and develop social skills and behaviors; can see that others share their problem; chance for feedback as clients try new behaviors

Question 32

family therapy

Answer 32

heals stressful relationships; treats people in the context of their family system; members identify roles, communicate, and discover new ways of preventing/resolving conflicts

Question 33

self-help groups

Answer 33

small religious, interest, or support groups that meet regularly and support each other emotionally; some are tied to a (stigmatized) issue

Question 34

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Answer 34

diminishes alc use disorder at the same rate as other therapies; 12-step program where people admit their powerlessness, seek help from higher powers, and pass on message to others in need