Module 53 Flashcards
Pinel and Dix
pushed for gentler, more human treatments and more mental hospitals
psychotherapy
treatment involving psych techniques to overcome difficulties or personally grow
biomedical therapy
prescribed meds/procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
eclectic approach
combining types of therapy for best results
psychoanalysis
Freud; aimed to reveal repressed things; decreased problems (unresolved and unconscious tensions) via insight about disorder’s origins (often in childhood); not common bc not scientifically proven and requires a lot of time and money
free association
speaking what comes to mind
resistance
blocking of anxiety-laden material from consciousness as shown via mental blocks/avoidance during free association
interpretation
noting and offering insight of resisted topics
transference
patient’s transfer of emotions to the analyst that are linked with other relationships in the patient’s life
psychodynamic therapy
views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences; seeks to enhance self-insight; focuses on relationships and unconscious dynamics
humanistic therapy
emphasizes people’s innate potential for self-fulfillment; attempt to decrease inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth; increase self-awareness and acceptance by getting in touch with and taking responsibility for feelings; conscious thoughts and present/future take priority
insight therapies
aim to improve psych functioning by increasing awareness of underlying motives and defenses; humanistic and psychodynamic therapies
client-centered therapy
Rogers; non-directive therapy that encourages growth via acceptance, genuineness, and empathy
active listening
empathetic listening; listener echoes, repeats, clarifies, and reflects emotions
unconditional positive regard
caring, accepting, and non-judgemental attitude
behavior therapies
problem behaviors = problem; applies learning principles to rid of unwanted behaviors
counterconditioning
behavior that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
exposure therapies
treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear or avoid to promote adaptation
systematic desensitization
associates pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increased anxiety-triggering stimulus; uses anxiety hierarchy and the initial learning of progressive relaxation
habituation
simple form of learning in which repeated exposure to a stimulus gradually decreases response
VR exposure therapy
provides electronic VR simulations in which people can face fears if they’re too expensive, difficult, or embarrassing to recreate in real life
aversive conditioning
associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior; taste aversion
behavior modification
operant conditioning; reinforce desirable behaviors and fail to reinforce/punish undesirable behaviors
token economy
people earn a token for exhibiting desired behaviors and can trade tokens for privileges or treats; increases success of behavior modification
cognitive therapies
assume thinking influences feeling; teaches people new, adaptive ways of thinking and perceiving/interpreting events; event -> thinking -> response
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy for Depression
sought to reverse clients’ negativity about themselves, their situations, and their futures and increase positive self-talk; gentle Q’s seek to reveal irrational thinking and persuade people to use a different narrative
catastrophizing
relentless, over-generalized, self-blaming behavior
stress inoculation training
teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations; reveal, test, and change faulty beliefs
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
integrative; attempts to change how people think and act; use realistic appraisals and practice positive behaviors; helps with OCD; works virtually
dialectical behavior therapy
helps change harmful and even suicidal behavior by making peace between change and acceptance and acting as an ally; adds social training and mindful meditation; sessions with groups are good practice
group therapy
doesn’t provide same degree of therapist involvement; saves therapist’s time and clients’ money; chance to explore and develop social skills and behaviors; can see that others share their problem; chance for feedback as clients try new behaviors
family therapy
heals stressful relationships; treats people in the context of their family system; members identify roles, communicate, and discover new ways of preventing/resolving conflicts
self-help groups
small religious, interest, or support groups that meet regularly and support each other emotionally; some are tied to a (stigmatized) issue
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
diminishes alc use disorder at the same rate as other therapies; 12-step program where people admit their powerlessness, seek help from higher powers, and pass on message to others in need
