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PSY 1200 > Module 14 > Flashcards

Module 14 Flashcards

1
Q

maturation

A

sequence of biological growth; innate and genetic but can be slowed by deprived growth

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2
Q

growth in frontal lobes

A

3-6 y/o; causes increased control and behavior

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3
Q

growth in association areas

A

last to develop; pruning and puberty develop bc of development/lack of development in these areas

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4
Q

motor development milestones

A

raise head (2 mo), roll over (4-5 mo), crawl (6-9 mo), cruise (7-9 mo), walk (25% in 11 mo, 50% in 1 yr, 90% in 15 mo)

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5
Q

massaging and exercising babies

A

increase speed of learning to walk

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6
Q

back to sleep position

A

postpones crawling time

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7
Q

Rovee-Collier experiments

A

infants retain specific but not generalized motor learning

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8
Q

infantile amnesia

A

lack of conscious recollection of things before 4 y/o bc of lack of development of hippocampus and frontal lobes; babies have unconscious memory and learning abilities including language

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9
Q

schemas

A

concept or cognitive framework; way of knowing or understanding

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10
Q

cognition

A

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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11
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas; excessive = growth stall

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12
Q

accommodation

A

adapting current understanding to incorporate new info; excessive= obstructs growth

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13
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth -2 y/o; experiencing world through senses and actions; object permanence and stranger anxiety

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14
Q

object permanence

A

aawareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived

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15
Q

stranger anxiety

A

baby anxiety around people who are not parents

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16
Q

first schemas

A

suck and swallow; reach and grab

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17
Q

preoperational stage

A

2-7/8 y/o; representing things with words and images; using intuition; pretend play; theory of mind; egocentricism

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18
Q

pretend play

A

symbolic thinking; use play items as representative of real life

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19
Q

egocentricism

A

self-centered understanding of world; can’t see things from someone else’s POV

20
Q

theory of mind

A

3-5 y/o; ability to understand that others have their own thoughts and perspectives; show knowledge of others’ mistakes, feelings, etc; people with autism struggle with this

21
Q

concrete operational stage

A

7-11 y/o; gain mental operations to enable them to think logically about concrete events; conservation; math transformations

22
Q

conservation

A

quantity remains the same despite changes in shape

23
Q

formal operational stage

A

12 y/o-death; reasoning abstractly; potential for mature moral reasoning

24
Q

scaffold

A

framework thatoffers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking, including giving new words and mentoring

25
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

thought child’s mind grows with social environment and language provides basis for thinking (inner speech)

26
Q

muttering and self-talk

A

increases development and performance

27
Q

autism

A

appears in childhood (1/68) and includes significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, rigid, fixed interests, and repetitive behaviors; less imitative

28
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

A

high functioning autism; unique intelligence; socially challenged

29
Q

cause of autism

A

poor communication between brain regions that take in someone else’s POV - impaired theory of mind; genetic influences (400+ genes, genetic mutations on X chromosome), abnormal brain development due to teratogens; less activity in brain areas with mirroring actions

30
Q

autism prevalence

A

boys 3:1; bc girls are predisposed empathizers

31
Q

family members and autism

A

identical twins - co-twin 50-70% chance; younger sibling - increased risk

32
Q

attachment

A

show in young children with caregiver; distress upon separation; result of hormones; requires comfortable body contact, physical affection, and familiarity

33
Q

critical period

A

optimal period in early life when exposure to certain stimuli/experiences produces normal development

34
Q

imprinting

A

during critical period; certain animals form strong attachments in early life to the first moving object they see

35
Q

secure attachment

A

sensitive, responsive mothers; mildly distressed w/o caregiver; close contact and goes about day upon return

36
Q

insecure attachment

A

anxiety/avoidance of trusting relationships; insensitive, unresponsive mothers; either extremely upset or indifferent to mother leaving and coming

37
Q

basic trust

A

sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; attributed to early parenting (secure attachment); form foundations of adult relationships and comfort with affection and intimacy

38
Q

anxious attachment

A

crave acceptance but remain vigilant to signs of positive rejection

39
Q

avoidant attachment

A

experience discomfort getting close to others; not comfortable with committment

40
Q

childhood abuse/neglect affects

A

withdrawn, frightened, lower intelligence and brain development, abnormal stress responses (epigenetic marks and changes to seratonin - sensitizes stress response), increased brain activities in threat-detecting areas, stronger startle responses; cowards and bullies at same time; can also be resilient

41
Q

affluent children

A

higher risk for substance abuse, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression

42
Q

childhood’s major social achievement

A

positive sense of self

43
Q

self-concept

A

understanding and assessment of who one is; 12 y/o; begins with recognizing self in mirror (18 mo old)); includes gender, group membership, psych traits, similarities and differences from others, and skills

44
Q

authoritarian parents

A

coercive, impose rules and expect obedience; childnre have low social skills and self esteem and overreact with mistakes

45
Q

permissive parents

A

unrestraining; few demands, rules, and limits; children are aggressive and immature

46
Q

negligent parents

A

uninvolved; careless; inattentive; children do poorly academically and socially

47
Q

authoritative parents

A

confrontive; demanding but responsive; encourage open discussion and exceptions to rules; children have high self-esteem, self-reliance, self-regulation and social competence

PSY 1200 (37 decks)

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