Module 48

Question 1

psych disorder

Answer 1

syndrome marked by a clinically significance disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior; maladaptive, causes distress, and is sometimes disabling

Question 2

homosexuality

Answer 2

disorder until 1973; stresses and stigma of it can cause other mental disorders

Question 3

Pinel

Answer 3

thought mental illness was a sickness of the mind caused by extreme stress and inhumane conditions

Question 4

moral treatment

Answer 4

Pinel; boosting patients’ spirits

Question 5

medical model

Answer 5

concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed based on symptoms, treated through therapy (maybe in a hospital)

Question 6

human connectome

Answer 6

wiring diagram of brain; many psych disorders linked to abnormalities; high variation but predictable patterns; PTSD, OCD, anxiety linked to it

Question 7

cultural disorders

Answer 7

differ in stress sources and coping methods

Question 8

susto

Answer 8

Latin Am; severe anxiety, restlessness, fear of black magic

Question 9

taijin kyofusho

Answer 9

Jap; social anxiety about appearance, readiness to blush; fear of eye contact

Question 10

anorexia/bulimia nervosa

Answer 10

mostly food-abundant W cultures

Question 11

amok

Answer 11

Malaysian; sudden outburst of violent behavior; disordered aggression

Question 12

biopsychosocial model

Answer 12

psych disorders = genetic dispositions, psych states, and social/cultural circumstances

Question 13

vulnerability stress model

Answer 13

individual characteristics combine with environmental stressors to increase or decrease likelihood of psych disorder

Question 14

classification

Answer 14

aims to predict a disorder’s future course, suggest appropriate treatment, and prompt research into its causes; via DSM

Question 15

DSM (Diagnostic and Stat Manual of Mental Disorders)

Answer 15

gives detailed criteria and codes for disorders with WHO ICD; can track trends in disorders

Question 16

ADHD

Answer 16

criteria is broad and may cause over-diagnosis; marked by extreme inattention/hyperactivity/impulsivity; genetic; co-exists with learning issue and temper; 2x in boys; can cause drug addiction

Question 17

field trials

Answer 17

real-world tests to assess reliability of new DSM-5 categories

Question 18

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project

Answer 18

bring modern research approaches to genetics, neuro, and behavioral science; organizes disorders by behavior and brain activity

Question 19

labeling

Answer 19

subjective; cause ppl to view others diff; cause self-fulfillment; increase difficulty of finding a job; increase fear of violence; > acceptance = > exposure, esp from public figures

Question 20

Rosenhan

Answer 20

studied labeling in hospitals

Question 21

benefits of labeling

Answer 21

help mental health professionals communicate their cases, study them, and treatments of disorders; patients are relieved to know symptoms have a name and know they’re not alone

Question 22

suicide

Answer 22

38k ppl/year; 3rd common death from 15-25 y/o; 90% are related to mental disorders (early in life)

Question 23

immigrant paradox

Answer 23

immigrants to US from Mexico, Asia, and Africa avg better mental health than US-born counterparts with the same ethnic heritage

Question 24

poverty and mental health

Answer 24

causes disorders and vice versa; schizophrenia causes poverty; poverty causes depression (women) and substance abuse (men)

Question 25

annual risk

Answer 25

rate/year; est % of adults who will experience a disorder during the next 12 months; can be steady with age or decrease

Question 26

lifetime risk

Answer 26

est % of adults who will experience disorder at some point in their life; increases with age

Question 27

schizophrenia

Answer 27

disorganized, irrational thinking and disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions; diagnosis = among genders; lower amounts of gray matter; symptoms around 20 y/o

Question 28

anxiety disorders

Answer 28

distressing, persistant anxiety or maladaptive behavior intended to decrease anxiety; phobias occur at 10 y/o; OCD occur at 20 y/o

Question 29

mood disorders

Answer 29

disturbance of emotional state/mood/energy level; includes depression (25 y/o) and bipolar disorder (age 20); higher in regions with high conflict and/or low economic opportunities

Question 30

dissociated disorder

Answer 30

rare; conscious awareness becomes separate from previous mem, thoughts, and feelings; includes personality disorders

Question 31

personality disorders

Answer 31

inflexible, enduring patterns that impair social functioning; antisocial personality disorder occurs at 8 y/o

Question 32

common female mental disorders

Answer 32

mood and anxiety disorders

Question 33

common male mental disorders

Answer 33

substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder

Question 34

anxiety prevalence

Answer 34

12% annual; 30% lifetime

Question 35

mood disorder prevalence

Answer 35

6% annual; 22% lifetime

Question 36

personality disorder prevalence

Answer 36

10% annual; 12% lifetime

Question 37

dissociative disorder prevalence

Answer 37

2% annual; 7% lifetime

Question 38

schizophrenia prevalence

Answer 38

1% annual; 2% lifetime

Question 39

substance abuse prevalence

Answer 39

6% annual; 15% lifetime

Question 40

any disorder prevalence

Answer 40

18% annual; 46.4% lifetime