Module 50

Question 1

depression

Answer 1

slows us down, prompting us to conserve energy in sad/unfortuante times; allows for energy redirection and concentration, better recall, attention to detail, and decision making

Question 2

major depressive disorder

Answer 2

2+ weeks with 5+ symptoms, including depressed mood and lost of interest/pleasure; top disability in the world; widespread; women = 2x risk; self-terminate; stressful events usually precede; strikes earlier and affects more people than before; heritability = ~40%; decreased overall brain activity and in dopamine reward center; decreased norepinephrine levels; smaller frontal lobes and damage to hippocampus; excessive alc use can correlate and diet

Question 3

persisant depressive disorder (dysthymic)

Answer 3

mildly depressed mood frequently for 2+ years and 2+ symptoms

Question 4

seasonal depressive disorder

Answer 4

symptoms return in the winter

Question 5

bipolar disorder

Answer 5

person alternates between depression and mania; less common but more dysfunctional than depression; predicts suicide; = among men and women; decreased white matter and enlarged fluid ventricles

Question 6

mania

Answer 6

hyperactive, wildly optimistic state; leads dangerously poor judgements; increased creativity

Question 7

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 7

child and teen bipolar disorder

Question 8

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 8

mild form of bipolar disorder

Question 9

postpartum depression (PPD)

Answer 9

depression after having kids; bc of biochem (hormones); rapid mood swings, tearfulness, difficulty concentrating, insomnia; can be a disorder if lasts more than ~2 weeks and features broader symptoms; can reoccur; infants affected by affect of parents, esp if long-term flat

Question 10

linkage analysis

Answer 10

compares genes of affected and unaffected people in a family with a genetic disorder; finds chromosome neighborhood

Question 11

rumination

Answer 11

compulsively fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes; can distract us, disrupt daily activities, and increase negative emotion

Question 12

explanatory style

Answer 12

internal (dep) vs external (angy); depressed people explain bad events in global, stable, and internal terms; extra activity in region that processes self-relevant info; may develop from learned helplessness; self-esteem - more flexible

Question 13

suicide

Answer 13

3x risk for people with anxiety; 4x risk for people with depression; risk increases at beginning of rebound bc energy levels are increased; social suggestion (media) may increase; may be done to escape pain, relieve a burden off others; increases w decreased economy, inability to reach goal, lax gun laws; higher in whites and natives, women (to try) and men (to succeed), older people, rich, nonreligious, w/o a S/O, those who witness trauma, LGBTQ+ comm, people w alcohol use disorder, during midweek and in April and May

Question 14

nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)

Answer 14

more common in women and adolescents; usually doesn’t lead to suicide but can esp if paired with bipolar disorder; may be done bc of reinforcement: gives relief from thoughts via pain distraction, attracts attention, relieves guilt by punishing self, gets others to change toxic behavior, fit in with peers