Module 32

Question 1

motivations

Answer 1

needs/desires that energize and direct behavior; arise from nature and nurture

Question 2

instinct

Answer 2

complex behavior that is rigidly patterened throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 3

instinct theory

Answer 3

views instincts as sources of motivation; genetic base for instincts; leads to evolutionary psych

Question 4

evolutionary psych

Answer 4

genes predispose some species-typical behavior; explains human similarities, biological predispositions, and evolution of phobias, behaviors, and attractions

Question 5

physiological needs

Answer 5

basic bodily requirements; create aroused, motivated state to reduce need

Question 6

drive-reduction theory

Answer 6

when physiological need increases, so does psych drive to reduce is by creating an aroused state; causes homeostasis to be achieved

Question 7

incentive

Answer 7

+/- environmental stimulus that motivates behavior (lure/repel); causes drives to be active impulses and to be stronger when impulses are satisfied and reinforced via CC and OC

Question 8

sensation-seekers

Answer 8

those who enjoy arousal (motivated to be aroused and to master emotions/actions); most likely seek out intense music, novel foods, risky behaviors/careers

Question 9

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 9

moderate arousal = optimal performance (depends on task, decreases for increases in difficulty); motivates behaviors that meet no physiological need; assimilation = too low arousal, accommodation = too high arousal

Question 10

hierarchy of needs

Answer 10

pyramid of human needs; base must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be satisfied; not universally fixed; physiological, safety, belonging/love, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence

Question 11

self-actualization

Answer 11

need to live up to our fullest and unique potential

Question 12

self-transcendence needs

Answer 12

meaning, purpose, and communion beyond self

Question 13

sense of meaning

Answer 13

related to self-transcendence needs; needs purpose, significance, coherence; nourished by strong social connections, religious faith, orderly world, social status; predicts psych and physical well being and capacity to cope with adversity

Question 14

physiological needs

Answer 14

need to satisfy hunger and thirst; could give up for statement but still “have”

Question 15

safety needs

Answer 15

need to feel world is organized and predictable, need to feel safe, secure, and stable

Question 16

belongingness and love needs

Answer 16

need to love and be loved; to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and separate

Question 17

esteem needs

Answer 17

self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence, recognition and respect from others