Module 13 Flashcards
developmental psychology
examines psych, cognitive, and social development across lifespan
stage theories
developmental stages; modernly reflect human growth and how people act at certain times in their lives
stable traits
temperament, emotions, extroversion, responsibility, aspects of personality (identity)
changing traits
social attitudes, self-image, conscientiousness (hope for better future)
how many sperm are released in ejaculation
250
how many sperm make it to ovum
5-200
fertilization
sperm has to penetrate ovum’s membrane
germinal phase
conception - 2 weeks; cells multiply
zygote
fertilized egg; half survive beyond first 2 weeks
blastocyst
cell mass has hollow center; 4 days after fertilization
embryonic phase
3-8 weeks; organs begin to form and function; most vulnerable stage (bc of rapid growth)
implantation
zygote attaches to mother’s uterine wall; 10 days after conception
placenta
outer cells of embryo; transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to embryo
amniotic sac
encloses embryo in protective fluid; “water broke”
differentiation
organs begin to develop and differ/separate according to function
teratogens
drugs/diseases that can affect baby’s health; can cause lower birth weights, birth defects, future behavior problems, and decreased intelligence
fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS)
1/700 children; leaves epigenetic marks; can also be caused by stress; can cause earlier birth bc baby thinks threat is occurring and increased health problems
viability
capacity to thrive in outside world (increases in fetal stage)
fetal stage
9 weeks-birth (~38 weeks); continues organ development; increases overall body growth (x20) to approx 7 lb and 20 in
week 4
cardiovascular system is functioning; brain and spinal cord grow
week 6
arms and legs bud/develop
week 8
baby weights 1 g and 2.5 cm/1 in; all organs developed besides sex organs
6th month
viability increases
7th month (2 months prior to birth)
can respond to vibrating on stomach (noise)
baby’s responses external stimuli
creates preference to mother’s voice and language; if mother is bilingual, baby is interested in both languages; babies cry in annotations of language spoken by mother; prefers sights and sounds that facilitate social responses, looking at things 8-12 inches away (distance from nursing mother and baby) and mother’s smell
adaptive reflexes
rooting, sucking, startle, grasping
rooting
initiated by touching baby’s mouth; looks towards breast/bottle
habituation
decrease in responding with repeated stimulation; shows what babies see and remember
