Module 5

Question 1

lesion

Answer 1

destroying tissue without destroying the surrounding area; usually experimental

Question 2

optogenetics

Answer 2

technique of controlling activity of neurons using microelectrodes that can detect their ele pulse

Question 3

eletroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 3

recording of waves of ele activity in brain during a task; can help locate place of seizures; rough

Question 4

magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 4

measures magnetic fields from brain’s ele activity; detailed; uses head coil in magnetic-field canceling rooms

Question 5

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Answer 5

detects where a radioactive form of glucose is consumed during a simple cognitive task; shows “hot spots;” rough

Question 6

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 6

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of brain tissue ; detailed; shows opposite hemisphere

Question 7

discoveries via MRIs

Answer 7

musicians with perfect pitch have larger L hemi area; people with schizophrenia have larger ventricles

Question 8

functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 8

reveals brain function and structure by showing blood/oxygen flow (indicates brain activity); compares MRIs; detailed

Question 9

default networking

Answer 9

regions that blood/oxygen flows through when brain is unoccupied; causes daydreaming and mind-wandering

Question 10

computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer 10

series of x-rays that are combined by a computer to produce 1 image; rough

Question 11

functional connectivity

Answer 11

shows how well different brain areas work together and underlying causes of psychological disorders

Question 12

diffusion spectrum imaging

Answer 12

type of MRI tech that maps long-distance fiber connections; reveals unique aspects of people

Question 13

depression in terms of functional connectivity

Answer 13

low connectivity between regions involved in experiencing and regulating emotion

Question 14

older brain structures

Answer 14

occur w/o conscious effort

Question 15

brainstem

Answer 15

includes medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 16

medulla

Answer 16

controls basic life functions (heartbeat, breathing)

Question 17

pons

Answer 17

controlls sleep and coordinates movements

Question 18

midbrain

Answer 18

reflexive movement to sounds (connects senses and movement)

Question 19

thalamus

Answer 19

sensory relay/control center (except smell); “highway”

Question 20

reticular formation

Answer 20

neuron network that filters info and allows for multitasking; controls consciousness/arousal; ADHD and attention disorders linked to problems with this

Question 21

cerebellum

Answer 21

learning (classical conditioning); practiced movement; judgement of time

Question 22

limbic system

Answer 22

forms ring around thalamus

Question 23

amygdala

Answer 23

aggression and fear; fight or flight response

Question 24

hypothalmus

Answer 24

maintains homeostasis (hunger, thirst, etc.); controls and communicates with pituitary gland; reward center

Question 25

feedback system

Answer 25

brain (hypothalamus) -> hormones -> pituitary gland -> hormones -> other glands -> hormones -> brain and body

Question 26

reward deficiency syndrome

Answer 26

mainly genetic; can lead to substance abuse

Question 27

hippocampus

Answer 27

processes complex, explicit, and new memories