Lecture 9 - Thoracic Limb Vasculature

Question 1

venous return to the heart is mediated by the

Answer 1

coronary sinus and great cardiac v.

Question 2

what are the 4 branches of the axillary artery

Answer 2

1. external thoracic
2. lateral thoracic
3. subscapular
4. cranial circumflex humeral

Question 3

at what point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

Answer 3

distal to the cranial circumflex a. at the tendons of the teres major and latissimus dorsi m.

Question 4

what are the 2 branches of the subscapular a.

Answer 4

1. thoracodorsal a.
2. caudal circumflex humeral a.

Question 5

what are the branches of the brachial a. for all animals

Answer 5

1. deep brachial
2. bicipital
3. collateral ulnar
4. superficial brachial
5. transverse cubital

Question 6

what is the largest branch of the brachial a.

Answer 6

common interosseous (dog/ungulate)
cranial interosseous (cat)

Question 7

at what point does the brachial a. become the median a.

Answer 7

the largest artery branches off in the antebrachium

Question 8

what travels through the supracondylar foramen

Answer 8

median n. and brachial a. in cats

Question 9

describe where this artery is found:

deep brachial

Answer 9

into triceps brachii

Question 10

describe where this artery is found:

collateral ulnar a.

Answer 10

distal 1/3 of the arm supplying triceps, ulnar nerve and elbow

Question 11

describe where this artery is found:

transverse cubital a.

Answer 11

cranial aspect of the elbow

Question 12

what are the branches of the common interosseous? what is unique about them in cats?

Answer 12

1. cranial interosseous
2. ulnar
3. caudal interosseous

branches independently off brachial a. in cats

Question 13

T/F: in cats the median artery is the main channel to the manus

Answer 13

FALSE - radial artery

Question 14

what are the weight bearing digits in carnivores

Answer 14

3 and 4

Question 15

list the important arteries of the horse limb working from the axillary artery down

Answer 15

1. axillary
2. subscapular
3. brachial
4. median
5. medial and lateral palmar
   (*digital at fetlock)

Question 16

where do you palpate for a digital pulse in a horse

Answer 16

neurovascular bundle at the fetlock

Question 17

a horse presents with acute lameness. bounding pulse is noted on digital pulse palpation. what is indicated?

Answer 17

laminitis

Question 18

what forms the terminal arch

Answer 18

anastomose of medial and lateral digital arteries

Question 19

what factors slow wound healing in equines

Answer 19

1. distal
2. wide skin flap
3. semitendinosus/membranosus injury
4. blunt/tearing injury
5. contamination
6. individual factors (parasitism, cushingoid, etc.)

Question 20

what is “proud flesh”

Answer 20

exuberant granulated tissue

Question 21

what is sequestra

Answer 21

dead bone that develops after a wound in 2-3 weeks

Question 22

what is regional limb profusion

Answer 22

IV antimicrobial treatment confined to limb/joint via tourniquets