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2 - Form & Function > Lecture 34 - Ungulate Head Structures > Flashcards

Lecture 34 - Ungulate Head Structures Flashcards

1
Q

what is the fossa linguae

A

deep transverse fissure between apex and body

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2
Q

what it the torus linguae

A

prominent dorsal bulge to body of tongue

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3
Q

the fossa linguae and torus linguae are prominent in what animals

A

ruminants

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4
Q

what are the closure muscles of mastication

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. pterygoideus
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5
Q

what are the opening muscles of mastication

A
  1. diagastricus
  2. occipitomandibularis (horse)
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6
Q

what is the location of the palatine tonsils

A

oropharynx

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7
Q

in ruminants where are the palatine tonsils? what kind of structure is this?

A

tonsilar sinus

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8
Q

T/F: the horse has lingual and palatine tonsils

A

TRUE

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9
Q

T/F: the pig has palatine tonsils

A

FALSE - has tonsils of the soft palate

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10
Q

an immature horse has _____ teeth and an adult horse has _____

A

24; 36-44

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11
Q

T/F: canines are commonly vestigial or unerupted in female horses

A

TRUE

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12
Q

give the formula for horse deciduous teeth

A

3 : 0 : 3 : 0
3 : 0 : 3 : 0

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13
Q

give the formula for horse permanent teeth

A

3 : 1 : 3/4 : 3
3 : 1 : 3/4 : 3

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14
Q

what are the wolf teeth in the horse

A

PM1

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15
Q

what is the tooth infundibulum

A

enamel cups filled with cementum found in incisors and maxillary cheek teeth in the horse

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16
Q

what provides aging cues

A

incisor infundibula

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17
Q

what surrounds the maxillary teeth of the horse

A

maxillary sinuses

18
Q

what surrounds the mandibular teeth of the horse

A

mandibular cortex

19
Q

what are eruption bumps

A

normal occurrence of apices of erupting teeth as bone thins

20
Q

hypsodont

A
  • long (high) crowned teeth and short roots like incisors or cheek teeth
  • grow to a certain length and continuously erupt until the tooth expires
  • roots form after many years
21
Q

brachydont

A
  • short crowned teeth and well-developed roots like canine and PM1
  • grow to certain length and stop
  • mostly root
22
Q

what are the 5 surfaces of each tooth

A
  1. vestibular (buccal or labial)
  2. lingual or palatal
  3. mesial
  4. distal
  5. occlusal
23
Q

anisognathous

A

different width of jaws

24
Q

where do enamel points develop that need floating in an equine patient

A

maxillary buccal and mandibular lingual points

25
Q

maxillary nerve block

A

all teeth in upper arcade

26
Q

infraorbital nerve block

A

canines, incisors, PM1-2 depending on how far the anesthetic travels

27
Q

inferior alveolar block

A

all teeth in the lower arcade

28
Q

mental nerve block

A

canines, incisors dependent on how far anesthetic travels

29
Q

give the formula for permanent teeth in ruminants

A

0 : 0 : 3 : 3
4 : 0 : 3 : 3

32 teeth

30
Q

give the formula for permanent teeth in pigs

A

3 : 1 : 4 : 3
3 : 1 : 4 : 3

31
Q

what are 3 unique features of ruminant teeth

A
  1. incisor 4 is a modified canine
  2. no maxillary incisors, but a dental pad
  3. infundibula are present in cheek teeth
32
Q

what are porcine tusks

A

elodont canine teeth

33
Q

what teeth are removed from pigs at birth

A

needle teeth (I3 and canines)

33
Q

what are the borders of the oropharynx

A

palatoglossal arches to base of epiglottis

34
Q

what are the borders of the laryngopharynx

A

palatopharyngeal arches/base of epiglottis to beginning of esophagus

35
Q

what are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A
  1. hyopharyngues
  2. thyropharyngeus
  3. cricopharyngeus
36
Q

describe swallowing in 5 steps

A
  1. soft palate elevates to close nasopharynx
  2. epiglottis retroflexes
  3. arytenoid cartilages adduct
  4. laryngopharynx dilates to receive bolus of food
  5. tongue acts as plunger
37
Q

T/F: liquid travels the piriform recess to the esophagus

38
Q

describe the pathway a nasogastric tube takes

A
  1. nostril
  2. nasal vestibule
  3. ventral nasal meatus
  4. nasopharynx
  5. laryngopharynx
  6. esophagus
  7. stomach
39
Q

why would we place an NG tube?

A
  1. relieve gastric distension
  2. administer oral/enteral therapies
40
Q

describe the pathway an orogastric tube takes

A
  1. mouth
  2. oral cavity
  3. oropharynx
  4. laryngopharynx
  5. esophagus
  6. stomach

2 - Form & Function (37 decks)

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