Lecture 47 - Digestion Flashcards
what are the forms of carbohydrates
- simple (mono- and di-sacchardies)
- complex (polysaccharide)
- fiber
what are monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
what are disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
what are polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose
what links are in fiber compounds
Beta 1,4
carbohydrate absorption is driven by
Na+ gradient and Na/K ATPase pump
what are the transporters used in carbohydrate absorption
SGLT1 (co-transporter with Na+)
GLUT5
GLUT2
T/F: a large number of enzymes are needed in protein digestion and absorption
TRUE
what is the final product of protein digestion
free amino acid
what acids partake in protein digestion
- luminal
- brush border
- cytosolic
describe pancreatic enzymes
- secreted as zymogens (inactive)
- activates in small intestine
absorption of free amino acids may require _______
Na+ co-transport
what is unique to neonate protein absorption
- less stomach acid secretion
- delay in pancreatic function
- specialized epithelium capable for engulfing soluble protein for 24 hours
summarize fat digestion and absorption in 6 steps
- dietary fat enters the stomach
- warming and mixing result in the formation of liquid fat globules
- exposure to the bile in the duodenum leading to emuslification
- combined action of lipase, colipase, and bile components in the jejunum leads to micelle formation
- micelles diffuse through unstirred water, resulting in direct transportation into enterocytes
- Na+ cotransport proteins in the ileum are responsible for bile acid absorption
serum appears white due to the presence of
chylomicrons
describe the chylomicron structure
polar groups on surface, nonpolar lipids form the core
hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase to free fatty acids and glycerol
what is diarrhea described as
increase in frequency or volume when there is a mismatch between secretion and absorption
what clinical signs are associated with small bowel D+
- increased appetite
- weight loss
- large volume feces
small intestines are correlated with _____ and large intestines are correlated with _____
nutrient digestion and absorption; dessication and storage of feces
what clinical signs are associated with large bowel D+
- normal appetite
- no weight loss
- increased frequency +/- blood/mucus
what is the diagnostic approach to localizing D+ problems
- determine if D+ is small or large bowel
- rule out extra-GI causes
- rule out exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- rule out primary GI causes
