Lecture 5 - Cardiovascular Neck & Thorax Anatomy

Question 1

blood is carried to the heart muscle by the

Answer 1

coronary arteries

Question 2

what carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Answer 2

pulmonary veins

Question 3

T/F: if an artery passes over an anatomic structure, it will supply feeder branches to it

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

define anastomoses

Answer 4

interatrial connections that provide alternative flow pathways

Question 5

define collateral circulation

Answer 5

alternative flow pathway when the main trunk is obstructed

Question 6

T/F: it is rare that tissues that use collateral circulation survive

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

define rete mirabile

Answer 7

main trunk splits into more or less at once into a leash of parallel vessels

Question 8

give an example of rete mirabile

Answer 8

arterial supply to the brain in cats/ruminants
renal glomeruli

Question 9

why is myocardial infarction in domestic animals rare

Answer 9

a large amount of collateral circulation and low presence of arteriosclerosis

Question 10

define ischemia

Answer 10

deficient blood to body part due to obstruction

Question 11

define infarction

Answer 11

injury or death of tissue from inadequate blood supply due to obstruction

Question 12

how is aorta branching different in horses/ruminants versus cats/dogs

Answer 12

horses and ruminants possess one branch while cats and dogs possess two

Question 13

how do arteries branch off the aorta is horses/ruminants

Answer 13

brachiocephalic trunk - left and right subclavian a. - bicarotid trunk - left and right carotid a.

Question 14

the internal thoracic arteries give rise to what

Answer 14

1. ventral branch of intercostal a.
2. cranial epigastric a.

Question 15

name the branches of the subclavian a.

Answer 15

1. vertebral a.
2. costocervical trunk
3. superficial cervical a.
4. internal thoracic a.

Question 16

for a thoraco-/pericardio- centesis, where is the needle inserted

Answer 16

along the cranial border of the rib

Question 17

what are the contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 17

1. internal jugular v.
2. vagosympathetic trunk
3. tracheal trunk
4. common carotid a.

Question 18

name the branches of the common carotid a.

Answer 18

1. cranial thyroid a.
2. internal carotid a.
3. external carotid a.

Question 19

what is the most common vascular ring anomaly

Answer 19

persistent right aortic arch (entraps esophagus and trachea)

Question 20

what forms the heart during embryonic development

Answer 20

left and right ventral aortas

Question 21

what forms the descending aorta during embryonic development

Answer 21

left and right dorsal aortas

Question 22

if the aortic arches fail to regress what will occur

Answer 22

vascular ring anomalies

Question 23

a 6m/o German shepherd presents with stunted growth, low body weight, polyphagia, regurgitation, and exercise intolerance. what is a likely diagnosis

Answer 23

persistent right aortic arch

Question 24

a young Boston terrier presents with coughing, dyspnea, polyphagia, and the owner says P will vomit undigested food after eating. what is the secondary diagnosis?

Answer 24

aspiration pneumonia

Question 25

abnormal dilation of the esophagus is

Answer 25

megaesophagus

Question 26

define satellite vein

Answer 26

runs adjacent to the arteries of the same name

Question 27

what are the boundaries of the jugular groove in the horse

Answer 27

brachiocephalicus, sternocephalicus, omohyoideus

Question 27

what are the boundaries of the jugular groove in ruminants

Answer 27

brachiocephalicus, sternocephalicus x2

Question 28

why do we aim to draw blood from the brachiocephalic v. in pigs

Answer 28

external jugular is not easily accessed due to the absence of a jugular groove

Question 29

where is the azygous v. present in

a. carnivores
b. ruminants
c. equine
d. bovine

Answer 29

a. right
b. left
c. right
d. both sides