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2 - Form & Function > Lecture 8 - Basis of ECG > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Basis of ECG Flashcards

1
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of a cardiac myocyte

A

-90mV

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2
Q

what cations are in high concentrations extracellularly

A

sodium and calcium

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3
Q

what cations are in high concentrations intracellularly

A

potassium

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4
Q

what has the longest repolarization period

a. motor neuron
b. skeletal muscle
c. cardiac ventricle

A

c. cardiac ventricle

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5
Q

the size of the wave on an ECG is dependent on what

A

area and cos function

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6
Q

describe the 5 steps of normal depolarization

A
  1. SA node spontaneously depolarizes
  2. wave spreads across atria R-L,Cr-caud, d-v
  3. conduction slowed in AV node
  4. rapid conduction through his bundle
  5. myocardium completely depolarized
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7
Q

P-wave

A

atrial depolarization

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8
Q

P-Q interval

A

delayed conduction through AV node

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9
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

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10
Q

S-T segment

A

ventricular myocardium is completely depolarized

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11
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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12
Q

what information is gained from the ECG

A

heart rate, rhythm, nature of depolarization and repolarization

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13
Q

what can an ECG provide clues about

A

hypertrophy and metabolic disturbances

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14
Q

in what position is it ideal to have a patient in for an ECG

A

right lateral recumbency

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15
Q

what angle is associated with aVR

A

-150

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16
Q

what angle is associated with aVL

A

-30

17
Q

what angle is associated with I

A

0

18
Q

what angle is associated with II

A

60

19
Q

what angle is associated with aVF

A

90

20
Q

what angle is associated with III

A

120

21
Q

what will create artifacts on an ECG

A

movement, tremor, breathing

22
Q

how is heart rate measured from the ECG

A

R-R intervals in 6sec x 10

23
Q

how is instantaneous heart rate measured from the ECG

A

60,000/R-R interval in msec
1500/R-R @25mm/sec
3000/R-R @ 50mm/sec

24
Q

P-R interval

A

speed of conduction from SA node and atria to the ventricles

25
Q

P wave duration

A

larger = left atrial enlargement

26
Q

QRS duration

A

time taken to depolarize ventricles

26
Q

Q-T interval

A

time takes for ventricles to depolarize and repolarize

27
Q

what is the Q-T interval affected by

A

electrolyte disturbances (hypocalcemia)
drugs (potassium current disruptors)

28
Q

alterations in amplitudes can reflect what

A

changes in myocardial mass and chamber volumes

29
Q

and increased P wave indicates

A

R atrial enlargement

30
Q

increased R wave indicates

A

L ventricular enlargement

31
Q

increased T wave amplitude indicates

A

drug, electrolyte, acid-base disturbances

32
Q

T/F: increased T wave amplitude can be normal in dogs

A

TRUE

2 - Form & Function (21 decks)

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