Lecture 49 - Ungulate Foregut & Midgut Flashcards
What are the 4 requirements of fermentative digestion
- volume
- time
- fluid environment
- removal of fermentation products
what are the two segments of GI where food progression slows to allow fermentation
- stomach
- large intestine
what are the 4 subdivisions of the rumen
- rumen
- reticulum
- omasum
- abomasum
T/F: small ruminants lack dorsal coronary pillars
TRUE
rumen mucosa is characterized by
ruminal papillae
describe the closure of the reticular groove
closes in the suckling calf to form a tube allowing milk to flow directly to omasum and on into abomasum where it is digested
the esophageal cardia opens into the
reticulum
describe the omasum
contains sheets of squamous mucosa (omasal lamina)
describe the abomasum
- only glandular subdivision
- spiral folds of glandular mucosa
- torus pyloricus = musculofatty knob found at pyloric sphincter
what is the function of the torus pyloricus
watertight closure of the pylorus
define bloat
excessive gas production and accumulation in the ruminoreticulum
describe frothy bloat
- 1* bloat
- entrapment of normal gases in stable foam so education cannot occur
describe free-gas bloat
- 2* bloat
- due to physical obstruction of erucation
what are treatments for bloat
- trocharisation
- pass the stomach tube
- antifoaming agents
Left displaced abomasum
- “ping”
- abomasum moves to the left body wall, typically in dairy cows after parturition
- decreased appetite and milk production
describe the unique features of the stomach of the horse
saccus cecus = enlarged fundus lined w/ non-glandular mucosa
margo plicatus = mucosal ridge between non-glandular and glandular
why don’t horses vomit
powerful constriction of the cardiac sphincter
what region is frequently afflicted by ulcers in the pig
pars esophagea
what is the gastric diverticulum
focal enlargement of the fundus in the pig
what are the 4 horse GIT modifications
- saccus cecus in the stomach
- cecum enlarged with haustra and tenia
- ascending colon enlarged into loop of ventral/dorsal, left/right, haustra/tenia
- descending colon elongated with haustra and tenia
what are the 3 ruminant GIT modifications
- stomach expansion into 4 compartments
- cecum enlarges somewhat
- ascending colon enlarges into spiral loop on left
what are the 3 pig GIT modifications
- gastric diverticulum of fundus in stomach
- cecum enlarged with haustra/tenia and shifts to left
- ascending colon enlarged into spiral loop on left
T/F: there is no distal loop of ascending colon
FALSE - no proximal
