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2 - Form & Function > Lecture 7 - Cardio microanatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Cardio microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 structures of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. arteries
  2. capillaries
  3. veins
  4. heart
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2
Q

as the distance from the heart increases, what happens to the diameter of the arteries

A

decreases

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3
Q

what property allows arteries to accommodate large pressures

A

elasticity

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4
Q

smaller arteries can restrict and limit blood flow based on what property

A

contractility

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5
Q

what are the 3 categories of arteries

A
  1. conducting
  2. muscular
  3. arterioles
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6
Q

what is an example of a conducting artery

A

aorta

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7
Q

what is the primary job of conducting arteries

A

maintain even flow and constant blood pressure

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8
Q

summarize the properties of conducting arteries

A
  • large volume
  • tunica media contains elastic fibers
  • tunica externa contains vessel supply
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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels innermost to outermost

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
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10
Q

tunica intima

A

endothelium and basement membrane; internal elastic membrane

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11
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle; collagen and elastic fibers

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12
Q

tunica externa

A

external elastic membrane; loose irregular CT; nerves and small arteries present

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13
Q

summarize the properties of muscular arteries

A
  • distributing (to limbs)
  • tunica media contain >5 layers of smooth muscle
  • regulates volume
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14
Q

summarize the properties of arterioles

A
  • <5 layers of smooth muscle
  • last branches before capillaries
  • regulate blood volume
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15
Q

what two things can influence vasodilation or constriction

A

neurotransmitters and hormones

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16
Q

arterioles are described as ____ without ____

A

contractility; elasticity

17
Q

capillaries consist of

A

basement membrane and endothelium

18
Q

what are the three types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous
  2. fenestrated
  3. sinusoidal
19
Q

what is an example of continuous capillaries

A

blood-brain barrier
gap junctions

20
Q

what is an example of fenestrated capillaries

A

kidneys

21
Q

what is an example of sinusoidal capillaries

A

liver
large holes

22
Q

why are veins considered poorly developed relatives of arteries

A

same layers but more flimsy

23
Q

T/F: veins contain valves to prevent retrograde flow

A

TRUE

24
Q

venules have~____ times the diameter of capillaries

A

20

25
Q

summarize the properties of medium veins

A
  • valves
  • increased collagen and elastic fibers
  • more smooth muscle
  • thin internal tunic, thick external
26
Q

valves are extensions of

A

the tunica intima

27
Q

summarize the properties of large veins

A
  • thick subendothelium in the tunica intima
  • poorly developed tunica media
  • increased contractility
28
Q

what are the four layers of the heart outermost to innermost

A
  1. pericardium
  2. epicardium
  3. myocardium
  4. endocardium
29
Q

pericardium

A
  • forms a sac around the heart with the epicardium
  • fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium
30
Q

epicardium

A
  • serosal surface (visceral pericardium)
  • nerves, vessels, fat
31
Q

myocardium

A
  • same as tunica media
  • cardiac muscle fibers
32
Q

endocardium

A
  • endothelial lining
  • subendothelial region contains impulse-conducting fibers
33
Q

what are the impulse-conducting fibers

A

Purkinje fibers

34
Q

T/F: the heart is a voluntary muscle

A

FALSE

35
Q

what allows for the quick transmittance of electrical impulses between muscle fibers

A

intercalated discs

36
Q

what is considered the pacemaker cells

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

37
Q

describe the SA node

A
  • the medial wall of the right atrium
  • spontaneously depolarizes
38
Q

what transmits electrical signals to the atrioventricular bundle

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

39
Q

where is the AV node

A

between atria, cranial edge of the interventricular septum

2 - Form & Function (11 decks)

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