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2 - Form & Function > Lecture 6 - Intro to Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Intro to Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

as blood passes through capillaries what occurs

A

exchange between plasma and interstitium

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2
Q

pulmonary circulation is considered to be what side of the heart

A

right

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3
Q

systemic circulation is considered to be what side of the heart

A

left

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4
Q

what are the 2 primary goals of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. provide perfusion
  2. remove waste products
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5
Q

define perfusion

A

passage of blood/fluid through blood vessels/other channels in an organ or tissue

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6
Q

what are examples of organs with a higher metabolic demand and therefore require more oxygen supply

A
  1. brain
  2. kidney
  3. gut
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7
Q

how many ATP are made from aerobic metabolism

A

~36-38 ATP

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8
Q

how many ATP are made from anaerobic metabolism

A

2 ATP

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9
Q

match the compoents of the cardiovascular system to their plumbing counterpart

a. heart
b. aorta/arteries
c. capillaries
d. veins/venules

  1. leaky pipes
  2. distribution pipes
  3. pump
  4. collection ducts
A

a = 3
b = 2
c = 1
d = 4

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10
Q

what are the atria separated by

A

interatrial septum

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11
Q

what are the ventricles separated by

A

interventricular septum

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12
Q

what separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

mitral valve/bicuspid valve

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13
Q

what separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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14
Q

what is the main pumping chamber of the heart

A

left ventricle

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15
Q

what is the function of the right heart

A

pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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16
Q

what is the function of the left heart

A

pump oxygenated blood to the body and itself

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17
Q

T/F: heart valves allow for flow in multiple directions

A

FALSE

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18
Q

T/F: heart valves open/close passively as a response to pressure

A

TRUE

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19
Q

when are the AV valves closed

A

systole

20
Q

S1 sounds occur due to

A

closing of AV valves at the beginning of systole

21
Q

when are the semilunar valves closed

A

diasystole

22
Q

T/F: the semilunar valves do not have chordae tendinae or papillary muscles

A

TRUE

23
Q

S2 sounds occur due to

A

closing of semilunar valves at the end of systole

24
Q

summarize blood flow through the right side of the heart

A
  1. deoxygenated blood from the cranial/caudal vena cava enters the R atrium
  2. the R atrium fills and the pressure pushes through the tricuspid valve to the R ventricle
  3. The right ventricle constricts, the pressure closes the AV valve, and blood moves through the pulmonary valve
  4. once through the pulmonary valve, the blood moves through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
25
Q

summarize blood flow through the left side of the heart

A
  1. oxygenated blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
  2. the left atrium fills, pressure causes the blood to move through the mitral/bicuspid valve to the L ventricle
  3. the left ventricle constricts, pressure closes the mitral/bicuspid valve, and blood moves through the aortic valve
  4. once through the aortic valve, the blood moves through the aorta to the body
26
Q

when do coronaries perfuse the heart muscle

A

diastole (heart is relaxed)

27
Q

what two ways can blood flow through an organ be altered

A
  1. changing pressure across the vascular bed
  2. changing vascular resistance
28
Q

bulk flow is due to

A

hydrostatic pressure (BP) differences

29
Q

what is perfusion pressure

A

difference in pressure between the two points (inlet and outlet)

30
Q

diffusion is due to

A

concentration difference

31
Q

transmural pressure

A

across the wall of an organ/vessel due to pressure difference between out and in

32
Q

what are the two starling forces

A
  1. hydrostatic
  2. oncotic
33
Q

what is the benefit of vasculature being squamous epithelium

A
  1. induce minimal friction
  2. minimal surface for aggregation
34
Q

describe the characteristics of arteries

A
  • blood to the periphery (away from the heart)
  • elastic
  • muscular
35
Q

what are the gatekeepers of blood flow? why?

A

arterioles; regulate the amount of blood entering capillary beds and resistance component of BP

36
Q

describe the characteristics of veins

A
  • blood to the heart
  • less layers of smooth muscles (more drastic diameter changes)
  • holds majority of blood
  • valves prevent retrograde flow
37
Q

describe the characteristics of capillaries

A
  • one cell thick promotes gas exchange
  • small diameter
  • leakiness
38
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

cuffs of smooth muscle surrounding root of each capillary, controls flow

39
Q

what 4 components does the lymphatic system remove from circulation

A
  1. water
  2. protein
  3. dissolved solutes
  4. cellular material
40
Q

the lymphatic system removes component from the _______ and returns it to ______

A

interstitial fluid; venous circulation

41
Q

what binds to oxygen and uses it for transport in the body?

A

hemoglobin

42
Q

what percentage of an animal’s blood volume should be removed for diagnostics

A

<1% (dependent on weight)

43
Q

should oxygen delivery be equal, greater than, or lesser than oxygen demand

A

equal or greater than

44
Q

what will happen if oxygen requirement increases or carrying capacity decreases

A

greater volume of blood is pumped or RBC content is increased

45
Q

clinical significance of anemia in regards to blood flow

A

increased flow due to thinner blood

46
Q

clinical significance of erythrocytosis in regards to blood flow

A

harder for heart to pump due to increased viscosity/resistance

2 - Form & Function (11 decks)

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