Lecture 60 - Renal Anatomy Flashcards
where are the locations of the adrenal glands
cranial aspect of each kidney
the adrenal glands are crossed by which vasculature structure
phrenicoabdominal vein
what are the layers of the adrenal gland
- cortex
- medulla
what 3 zones are in the adrenal cortex
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona reticularis
what is produced by the zona glomerulosa
mineralocorticoids responsible for salt regulation
what is produced by the zona fasciculata
glucocorticoids responsible for sugar control
what is produced by the zona reticularis
androgens (sex hormones)
what is produced in the adrenal medulla
catelcholamines
adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
unilateral/bilateral adrenal tumor secrete cortisol
pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland causing the adrenal glands to enlarge and produce too much cortisol
T/F: in dogs with an adrenocortical tumor, one adrenal gland is often enlarged and irregularly shaped
TRUE
T/F: kidneys are considered peritoneal organs
FALSE - retroperitoneal
which kidney is more cranial
right
ureters
muscular tubes conducting urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder via peristaltic contractions
how are the cat kidneys different
- rounder
- relatively bigger
- more caudal
- subcapsular veins
renal pelvis
expanded part of ureter within the kidney
extensions on the renal pelvis in the _____ are called the
carnivore; pelvic recess
renal capsule
thin fibrous covering of the kidneys
the renal parenchyma is
outer renal cortex + inner medulla
the renal pyramids extend from the cortex to the center where they fuse to
renal crest
define nephron
continuous contorted tube that serves for urine production and for the regulation of the volume/composition of extracellular fluid
describe the ureters to the urinary bladder
- enter on caudodorsal wall
- area called trigone
- median and lateral ligaments
what is different about kidney in:
pigs
- mid-lumbar region; R does not contact liver
- bean-shaped and flat
what is different about kidney in:
ruminants
- L kidney is pendulous and covered in peritoneum, displaced to midline
- lobate
T/F: all mammalian kidneys develop with individual lobes
TRUE
lobate (multilobar) kidneys and species
unfused, individual lobes
Ox
intermediate fusion kidneys and species
cortex is fused but medulla has distinct lobes
pig and humans
unilobar kidneys and species
cortex and medulla fused
horse, goat, sheep, carnivores
the tip of the renal pyramid is called
renal papilla
urine is caught by funnel-shaped portions of the proximal ureter called
minor calyces
