Lecture 18 - Carnivore URT

Question 1

describe the passage of air from rostral to caudal

Answer 1

1. nasal cavity
2. pharynx
3. larynx
4. trachea
5. main bronchus
6. bronchioles
7. alveoli

Question 2

where is the nasal cavity found

Answer 2

between the nostrils and choanae

Question 3

what divides the nasal cavity

Answer 3

nasal septum

Question 4

describe the architecture of the nasal conchae

Answer 4

cartilage and bone covered by vascular mucosa

Question 5

what functions to the conchae have

Answer 5

1. warm and humidify air
2. filter air and particles
3. increase surface area for olfaction

Question 6

what are the spaces between conchae? how many are there?

Answer 6

there are 4 meatuses between conchae

Question 7

what are the 4 meatuses

Answer 7

1. dorsal nasal
2. middle nasal
3. ventral nasal
4. common nasal

Question 8

what meatus is used for nasogastric tube placement

Answer 8

ventral nasal meatus

Question 9

wht are the paranasal sinuses? what is their job?

Answer 9

air-filled mucosa-line spaces between inner and outer skull bones which communicate with the nasal cavity

Question 10

T/F; the maxillary recess is a “sinus” associated with maxillary teeth roots and contains lateral nasal gland

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

what is the job of the lateral nasal gland

Answer 11

moisture production

Question 12

which species has subdivisions of their frontal parasinus

Answer 12

dog

Question 13

what extra sinus do cats have? do dogs also have this sinus?

Answer 13

sphenoidal sinus - dogs have this sinus but it is nonfunctional due to conchal tissue

Question 14

what are the 3 subdivisions of the pharynx

Answer 14

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 15

describe the location of the nasopharynx

Answer 15

dorsal to soft palate, extending from choanae to mucosal arches of SP

Question 16

what does the nasopharynx contain in its dorsolateral walls? what is the function?

Answer 16

auditory tube opening allows for equalization of pressure

Question 17

what is the shortest portion of the pharynx

Answer 17

oropharynx

Question 18

describe the location of the oropharynx

Answer 18

ventral to soft palate and extending from the palatoglossal arches to the base of the epiglottis

Question 19

describe the location of the laryngopharynx

Answer 19

base of epiglottis to the start of the esophagus, dorsal to the larynx

Question 20

what does the laryngopharynx contain? what is the clinical significance?

Answer 20

piriform recess are channels on either side of the epiglottis which can trap foreign bodies

Question 21

the muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what

Answer 21

1. glossopharyngeal n.
2. vagus n.

Question 22

the muscle of the pharynx forms what functionally? what does this aid in?

Answer 22

forms the upper esophageal sphincter and aids in swallowing

Question 23

what are the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 23

1. hyopharyngeus
2. thyropharyngeus
3. cricopharyngeus

Question 24

what 4 cartilages comprise the larynx

Answer 24

1. epiglottis
2. thyroid
3. arytenoid
4. cricoid

Question 25

what cartilage of the larynx reminds madison of Australian men

Answer 25

cricoid because it's big and broad (crikey!)

Question 26

what on the arytenoid is unique to dogs

Answer 26

1. cuneiform process 2. corniculate process

Question 27

what unique anatomical landmarks are formed in dogs once soft tissue is laid over the larynx

Answer 27

1. vestibular fold 2. laryngeal ventricle

Question 28

rima glottis

Answer 28

aka glottic cleft opening of epiglottis

Question 29

glottis

Answer 29

tissues surrounding and rima glottis

Question 30

what are the muscles of the larynx? what is their function?

Answer 30

1. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) 2. cricothyroideus open and close rima glottis to control voice

Question 31

what is lar par

Answer 31

laryngeal paralysis or the failure to open during inspiration caused by dysfunction of the caudal laryngeal n.

Question 32

a tie-back surgery does what

Answer 32

attaches arytenoid to the wall for partial opening of the larynx predisposes to asphyxiation

Question 33

describe the architecture of the trachea

Answer 33

C-shaped hyaline cartilage sequentially connected by annular ligaments

Question 34

what is the function of the trachea

Answer 34

air conduction

Question 35

T/F: the trachea is non-collapsible and immobile

Answer 35

FALSE - trachialis constricts trachea to increase air velocity during coughing and to accommodate growth of esophagus when swallowing

Question 36

Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome

Answer 36

- stenotic nares - elongated soft palate - eversion of laryngeal ventricles - anything that affects airflow

Question 37

T/F: treatment for BAOS is to open the airway through invasive surgical procedure

Answer 37

TRUE