Lecture 18 - Carnivore URT Flashcards
describe the passage of air from rostral to caudal
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- main bronchus
- bronchioles
- alveoli
where is the nasal cavity found
between the nostrils and choanae
what divides the nasal cavity
nasal septum
describe the architecture of the nasal conchae
cartilage and bone covered by vascular mucosa
what functions to the conchae have
- warm and humidify air
- filter air and particles
- increase surface area for olfaction
what are the spaces between conchae? how many are there?
there are 4 meatuses between conchae
what are the 4 meatuses
- dorsal nasal
- middle nasal
- ventral nasal
- common nasal
what meatus is used for nasogastric tube placement
ventral nasal meatus
wht are the paranasal sinuses? what is their job?
air-filled mucosa-line spaces between inner and outer skull bones which communicate with the nasal cavity
T/F; the maxillary recess is a “sinus” associated with maxillary teeth roots and contains lateral nasal gland
TRUE
what is the job of the lateral nasal gland
moisture production
which species has subdivisions of their frontal parasinus
dog
what extra sinus do cats have? do dogs also have this sinus?
sphenoidal sinus - dogs have this sinus but it is nonfunctional due to conchal tissue
what are the 3 subdivisions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
describe the location of the nasopharynx
dorsal to soft palate, extending from choanae to mucosal arches of SP
what does the nasopharynx contain in its dorsolateral walls? what is the function?
auditory tube opening allows for equalization of pressure
what is the shortest portion of the pharynx
oropharynx
describe the location of the oropharynx
ventral to soft palate and extending from the palatoglossal arches to the base of the epiglottis
describe the location of the laryngopharynx
base of epiglottis to the start of the esophagus, dorsal to the larynx
what does the laryngopharynx contain? what is the clinical significance?
piriform recess are channels on either side of the epiglottis which can trap foreign bodies
the muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what
- glossopharyngeal n.
- vagus n.
the muscle of the pharynx forms what functionally? what does this aid in?
forms the upper esophageal sphincter and aids in swallowing
what are the muscles of the pharynx?
- hyopharyngeus
- thyropharyngeus
- cricopharyngeus
what 4 cartilages comprise the larynx
- epiglottis
- thyroid
- arytenoid
- cricoid
what cartilage of the larynx reminds madison of Australian men
cricoid because it’s big and broad (crikey!)
what on the arytenoid is unique to dogs
- cuneiform process
- corniculate process
what unique anatomical landmarks are formed in dogs once soft tissue is laid over the larynx
- vestibular fold
- laryngeal ventricle
rima glottis
aka glottic cleft
opening of epiglottis
glottis
tissues surrounding and rima glottis
what are the muscles of the larynx? what is their function?
- cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD)
- cricothyroideus
open and close rima glottis to control voice
what is lar par
laryngeal paralysis or the failure to open during inspiration caused by dysfunction of the caudal laryngeal n.
a tie-back surgery does what
attaches arytenoid to the wall for partial opening of the larynx
predisposes to asphyxiation
describe the architecture of the trachea
C-shaped hyaline cartilage sequentially connected by annular ligaments
what is the function of the trachea
air conduction
T/F: the trachea is non-collapsible and immobile
FALSE - trachialis constricts trachea to increase air velocity during coughing and to accommodate growth of esophagus when swallowing
Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome
- stenotic nares
- elongated soft palate
- eversion of laryngeal ventricles
- anything that affects airflow
T/F: treatment for BAOS is to open the airway through invasive surgical procedure
TRUE
