Lecture 56 - Renal Physiology Flashcards
approximately, how much of cardiac output goes to the kidneys
25%
what are the 5 functions of the kidney
- excretion
- regulation of fluid balance
- regulation of electrolytes
- regulation of acid-base balance
- production and secretion of hormones
what is excreted by the kidneys
metabolic by-products (nitrogenous waste, urea) and foreign substances
what hormones are produced by the kidneys? what are their jobs?
erythropoietin = RBC production
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 = regulation of Ca/P homeostasis
what causes dysfunction of the kidney
- glomerular disease
- tubule disease
- collecting duct disease
- perfusion issues
- obstruction of ureters
T/F: kidney dysfunction is dependent on the area affected
TRUE
match the kidney disease to a specific cause
a. glomerular disease
b. tubule disease
c. collecting duct disease
d. perfusion issues
e. obstruction of ureters
- low blood pressure
- diabetes insipidus
- infectious glomerular nephritis
- nephrolith/urolith
- toxic tubule destruction
a = 3
b = 5
c = 2
d = 1
e = 4
Urine is made where
kidneys
urine drains through the _____ to the ____
ureters; bladder
urine is voided through the
urethra
renal cortex
- outer layer of renal parenchyma
- contains nephrons
renal medulla
- inner layer of renal parenchyma
- contains portions of nephrons
- features medullary pyramids
- hypertonicity of medulla is key for urine concentration ability
renal pelvis
urine conduit that connect medullary papilla to ureters
T/F: the renal pyramid is the functional unit of the kidney
FALSE - nephron
juxtamedullary nephron
long loop of Henle
increased capacity to conserve water and solutes
cortical nephron
short loop of henle
tend to excrete relatively more water and solutes
what group of animals produces uric acid instead of urine
reptiles (+ chickens)
peritubular capillaries, known as _____, surround the nephron and…
vasa recta
provide oxygen/nutrients and serve as a pathway for reabsorption
juxtaglomerular apparatus
- Adjacent to afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus
- autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration
granular cells
- specialized smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles
- baroreceptors
macula densa
- specialized epithelial cells in distal convoluted tubules
- osmoreceptors
what is the process of urine creation
- glomerular filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
give the clinical application of:
regulation of renal blood flow
- NSAID-induced kidney injury
- ischemia-induced kidney injury
give the clinical application of:
tubular electrolyte resorption and secretion mechanisms
- mechanisms of diuretic therapies
- rationale behind urine diagnostics
give the clinical application of:
process of urine concentration
- causes of polyuria
- interpretation of serum/plasma biochem abnormalities
give the clinical application of:
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- effects of chronic RAAS activation
- therapeutic potential of interfering with RAAS
