Lecture 54 - Intro to Nutrition

Question 1

what are the 6 nutrient classifications

Answer 1

1. protein
2. fat
3. carbohydrates
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

Question 2

what are the essential amino acids

Answer 2

arginine
isoleucine
histidine
leucine
methionine
lysine
phenyalanine
tryptophan
threonine
valine

Question 3

T/F: taurine is an essential amino acid in cats and ferrets

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

protein is increased in

Answer 4

1. neoplasia
2. critical care/recovery
3. intentional weight loss
4. diabetes

Question 5

protein is decreased in

Answer 5

1. renal disease
2. hepatic dysfunction

Question 6

the form/source of protein is altered in

Answer 6

1. enteropathies
2. atopic dermatitis

Question 7

describe simple fat

Answer 7

source of energy that undergoes beta-oxidation

fatty acids, triglycerides

Question 8

describe complex fat

Answer 8

cell structure, lipid, vitamin transport/metabolism

lecithin, sphingolipids

Question 9

describe derived fat

Answer 9

pro-/anti-inflammatory, cell structure, hormones, etc.

cholesterol, prostaglandins

Question 10

what are the essential fatty acids

Answer 10

1. a-linolenic acid
2. linoleic acid

Question 11

what fatty acid is essential for cats

Answer 11

arachidonic acid

Question 12

fat is increased in

Answer 12

1. neoplasia
2. critical care/recovery

Question 13

fat is decreased in

Answer 13

1. pancreatic disease
2. lymphangiectasia
3. GERD
4. hyperlipidemia

Question 14

what are simple carbohydrates

Answer 14

mono-, di-, oligo-saccharides

glucose
lactose
FOS

Question 15

what are complex carbohydrates

Answer 15

polysaccharides (starches and fibers)

Question 16

T/F: carbohydrates as an ingredient are plant-derived

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

carbohydrates are decreased in

Answer 17

1. pancreatic disease
2. diabetes
3. neoplasia
4. critical care/recovery
5. respiratory disease

Question 18

the form/source of carbohydrates are altered in

Answer 18

1. diabetes
2. intentional weight loss

Question 19

what are the 3 calorie providing nutrients

Answer 19

1. protein
2. fat
3. carbs

Question 20

what is a calorie

Answer 20

the energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 21

define fiber

Answer 21

complex carbohydrate resistant to enzymatic digestion

soluble vs. insoluble
fermentable vs. poorly fermentable

Question 22

T/F: fermentation of fibers by microbes occur in the small intestines

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

rapid digestion of fiber produces

Answer 23

SCFA and gas

Question 24

T/F: fiber provides energy for cats and dogs

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

fiber is increased in

Answer 25

1. intentional weight loss 2. hyperlipidemia

Question 26

fiber is decreased in

Answer 26

enteropathies

Question 27

form/source of fiber is altered in

Answer 27

enteropathies

Question 28

what are water-soluble vitamins

Answer 28

1. C 2. Bs 3. L-carnitine

Question 29

Vitamin C

Answer 29

collagen, iron absorption, L-carnitine, antioxidant

Question 30

Vitamin Bs

Answer 30

metabolism of all nutrients

Question 31

L-carnitine

Answer 31

fatty acid oxidation

Question 32

T/F: water-soluble vitamins are quickest to become deficient in times of anorexia

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

T/F: water-soluble vitamins are decreased in virtually every disease

Answer 33

FALSE - none

Question 34

what are fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 34

1. A 2. E 3. D 4. K

Question 35

Vitamin A

Answer 35

vision, reproduction, epithelial function, immunity

Question 36

Vitamin E

Answer 36

antioxidant, reproduction

Question 37

Vitamin D

Answer 37

mineral homeostasis, skeletal function, immunity, insulin synthesis

Question 38

Vitamin K

Answer 38

coagulation, skeletal function

Question 39

fat-soluble vitamins are decreased in

Answer 39

toxicities/overdose

Question 40

fat-soluble vitamins are increased in

Answer 40

1. enteropathies 2. PLEs 3. renal disease 4. hepatic disease

Question 41

macrominerals

Answer 41

Ca, P, K, Na, Cl, Mg

Question 42

microminerals

Answer 42

Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se, I, B, Cr

Question 43

minerals are increased in

Answer 43

1. critical care/recovery 2. diabetes 3. renal disease 4. hepatic disease

Question 44

minerals are decreased in

Answer 44

1. renal disease 2. hepatic disease 3. cardiac disease

Question 45

what are the functions of dietary water

Answer 45

1. transport 2. hydrolysis reactions 3. regulates body temp 4. shape, resilience, elasticity

Question 46

what is the most important nutrient

Answer 46

water

Question 47

water is increased in

Answer 47

1. critical care/recovery 2. renal disease 3. diabetes

Question 48

the nutrient assessment helps to

Answer 48

identify concerns/diseases/issues that may require a change in diet, helps ensure optimization of health, and provides all necessary information

Question 49

what are the 3 components of the nutritional assessment

Answer 49

1. pet/patient 2. diet/food 3. amount/frequency of feeding

Question 50

what is the limitation of weight trends

Answer 50

does not distinguish between tissue types

Question 51

BCS is ____ % ONLY

Answer 51

fat

Question 52

what animals are scored 1 - 9

Answer 52

canine, equine, feline, beef

Question 53

what animals are scored 1 - 5

Answer 53

small ruminant, dairy