Lecture 39 - Exotics & Small Mammal ALT Flashcards
what is the choana
normal cleft in the palate of avians
What does hypovitaminosis A cause?
squamous cell metaplasia and blunted/absent choanal pailla
T/F: The muscles of the psittacine tongue are intrinsic
TRUE
T/F: The salivary glands of avians have digestive function
FALSE
match the fang type to the species
a. iguana
b. bearded dragon
c. crocodile
- thecodont
- pleurodont
- acrodont
a = 2
b = 3
c = 1
what species have venom glands
snakes and lizards
what 4 components allow snakes to swallow prey whole
- elastic ligament
- Curved teeth
- fenestrate
- Quadrate bone
the elastic ligament of snakes allows
the two sides of the mandible to move independently of one another
the quadrate bone of snakes allows
“double hinge” allowing for vertical and horizontal pivoting
what is the crop also known as? what does this mean?
ingluvies; pocketing in the esophagus for storage of food before it goes to the stomach
describe the esophagus of reptiles
very distentible
Digestion begins here
describe the stomach of the reptile
cardiac, fundic, pyloric regions
pH drops drasticallly in snakes during feeding
_____ depends on gastric activity and digestion for reptiles. they are referred to as _____
thermoregulation; poikilothermic
the proventriculus conducts ____ digestion and the ventriculus conducts ____ digestion
chemical; mechanical
T/F: retroperistalsis is common in avian spp.
TRUE
What are the 3 common reasons for retroperistalsis
- regurgitation to mate/offspring
- water reabsorption
- pellet egestion
what is the cloaca
common opening for the reproductive, urinary, and GI tracts
what are the 3 sections of the cloaca
- coprodeum (large intestine(
- urodeum (ureters + genitals)
- proctodeum (reservoir)
T/F: the ceca is important for water resorption
FALSE - cloaca
describe the rabbit digestive tract
- hindgut fermenting
- herbivore
- acidic gastric pH
- cannot V+
- elodont
what two sections of rabbit gut are associated with lymphoid tissue and where are they found
- sacculus rotundus - ileocecocolic junction
- Vermiform appendix - distal cecum
what acts as the pacemaker of rabbit peristalsis
fuscus coli
what are the 2 distinct fecal type of rabbits
- hard pellets = excreted
- cecotrophs = re-ingested
describe cecotrophs
source of vitamin B, bacteria, etc.
passed am/pm
covered in mucous
lower hay diets ___ bacterial diversity
decrease
What two rodent digestive types are there
- hystricomorph
- myomorph
hystricomorph
- hindgut fermenter
- large cecum
- herbivore
- elodont
myomorph
- monogastric
- aglandular forestomach
- omnivore
- elodont incisors
what enzymes do guinea pigs lack that can lead to vitamin C deficiency/scurvy?
L-gulonolactone oxidase
T/F: hystricomorphic rodents are also cecotrophic
FALSE - coprophagic
what animals are hystricomorphic
guinea pigs and chinchillas
what is the function of the colonic groove
retrograde transfer of bacteria and expand the colon
what causes dysbiosis
- altercations in GI pH
- large amounts of highly digestible food
- abx
what abx are toxic orally to hindgut fermenting species
- P = penicillin
- L = linomycin
- A = amp/amox - icillin
- C= cephalosporins
- E = erythromycin
T/F: Rats do not have gallbladders and cannot V+
TRUE
Describe the digestive system of ferrets
- carnivores (no cecum)
- 3-4 hours GI transit time
- V+
